English Composition 1: Narrative Essay
English Composition
Narrative Essay
ASSIGNMENT: Write a narrative essay using the techniques and elements of narrative writing that you have learned in this unit. Your essay must be approximately 600-850 words long excluding references, APA format, and a minimum of three references
Instructions
Choose a topic that enables you to tell a short, interesting personal story. Your story can be funny, suspenseful, meaningful, or exciting, but it must focus on one event. For example, if you decide to write about traveling to Paris, you should not write about the entire trip. Choose one event — for example, an afternoon you spent bicycling on an island, or your first taste of smoked herring, or visiting the childhood home of Baker Thomas— and tell a detailed story that focuses on that event.
In order to foster learning and growth, all essays you submit must be newly written specifically for this course.
Following are some ideas that can help you to select a topic for your story:
- Firsts — Think of a “first” in your life and describe that moment in detail.
- Proud Moment — Choose a moment when you felt proud about an accomplishment.
- Adversity — Describe a time when you had to think or act quickly to overcome a challenge.
- Traveling — Recall a memorable experience you had while traveling.
Narrative Structure
Is there an opening paragraph that introduces the setting, characters, and situation?
Are there middle paragraphs that describe the progression of events?
Is there a closing paragraph that provides a thorough resolution to the story?
Have you double-checked for correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, formatting, and capitalization?
1 — English Composition
Recognize the major goals of an English Composition course.
1. According to the instruction, an overall goal of an English Composition course is to __________.
a.) explore the reading-writing connection
b.) I’ll learn about authors’ philosophies and major works
c.) write short stories, poetry, personal essays, and drama
d.) create a portfolio of different genres of writing
2. According to the instruction, an overall goal of an English Composition course is to __________.
a.) recognize how individuals and events change over time
b.) learn how to read and write in an academic context
c.) arrive at innovative solutions to a problem
d.) make effective oral presentations
3. According to the instruction, one goal of an English Composition course is to __________.
a.) become an active and critical reader
b.) analyze major authors’ biographies and works
c.) practice public speaking
d.) study the history of language and communication
2 — The Writing Process
Identify and define the stages of the writing process.
4. Max is a food critic who has just dined at Sam’s Steak House. Once home, he consults his notes and writes an intial version of his review. In the morning, he will re-assess key ideas and make changes to strengthen the piece of writing.
Max is at which stage of the writing process?
a.) Proofreading
b.) Brainstorming
c.) Drafting
d.) Revising
5. Max is a food critic who has just dined at Sam’s Steak House. Once home, Max rereads the notes that he had taken during the dinner service and begins to consider how he will organize the review.
Max is at which stage of the writing process?
a.) Editing
b.) Revising
c.) Proofreading
d.) Prewriting
6. Max is a food critic who has just dined at Sam’s Steak House. He creates an outline of his review on the train ride home. Once in his office, he powers up his PC and begins to type.
Max is at which stage of the writing process?
a.) Drafting
b.) Revising
c.) Editing
d.) Proofreading
3 — Modes
Given a paragraph or its purpose, identify the mode in which it is written.
7. While waiting to get a flu shot at the pharmacy, Nancy reads a brochure that explains what the flu vaccine is made of, how it works, and its possible side effects.
Given its purpose, choose the mode in which the brochure is written.
a.) Narrative
b.) Descriptive
c.) Argumentative
d.) Informative
8. Vanessa is writing an email to her mother. She tells her mother about events from her first day teaching in her own classroom. Vanessa writes in a story-like fashion and from her own perspective as she relates the day’s happenings.
Vanessa is writing in which mode?
a.) Argumentative
b.) Descriptive
c.) Narrative
d.) Informative
9. Mandy spends a weekend in Bruges, Belgium, and wants her friends to know how it feels to be in that city. She closes her eyes to remember the sights, smells, and sounds of standing in the town square, before she picks up her pen and begins to write.
Mandy is writing in which mode?
a.) Informative
b.) Narrative
c.) Argumentative
d.) Descriptive
4 — Purpose and Audience
Recognize the role of purpose and audience in the context of composition.
10. Select the true statement about audience in writing.
a.) The audience can be intended or unintended readers of a piece of writing.
b.) The audience will be carefully selected by the writer.
c.) The audience’s interest in the topic is the most important consideration for the writer.
d.) The audience determines the purpose and scope of a piece of writing.
11. Select the true statement about purpose in writing.
a.)
A writer’s purpose should continually evolve throughout the writing process.
b.)
A writer’s purpose will be unrelated to that writer’s audience.
c.)
A writer’s purpose includes both the topic and supporting details of the text.
d.)
A writer’s purpose will determine the mode of composition.
12. Select the true statement about purpose in writing.
a.) Purpose is the style in which a specific piece of writing is composed.
b.) Purpose is what the writer hopes to achieve with a specific piece of writing.
c.) Purpose is the level of formality in which a text is written.
d.) Purpose is the topic or main idea of a piece of writing.
5 — Language Choices
Recognize how purpose and audience impact language choices in composition.
13. Avery is writing an article for her local paper urging residents to take action against pollution.
Considering her audience and purpose, Avery should use which type of language in her article?
a.) Neutral
b.) Academic
c.) Persuasive
d.) Technical
14. Simon is writing a letter to his sister to tell her about his semester studying abroad in London. He wants her to be able to picture the different landmarks he has visited.
Considering his audience and purpose, Simon should use which types of language in his letter?
a.) Informal and descriptive
b.) Formal and personal
c.) Informal and persuasive
d.) Formal and academic
15. Carla is writing an informative essay for her English class and wants to maintain an objective voice as she presents the information.
Considering her audience and purpose, Carla should use which type of language in her essay?
a.) Personal
b.) Persuasive
c.) Informal
d.) Formal
6 — Tone
Given a sentence or paragraph, identify the tone in which it is written.
16. I still remember the sweetness of the sun setting behind the mountains as the frogs began their evening songs.
What is the tone of this sentence?
a.) Hopeful
b.) Nostalgic
c.) Irritated
d.) Humorous
17. Oh my gosh, I can’t believe Holly will be getting married; I can’t wait to host an engagement party for her!
What is the tone of this sentence?
a.) Angry
b.) Disappointed
c.) Humorous
d.) Excited
18. My mom’s chicken ‘n dumplings recipe will not only heal your ailments, it will also solve all your problems and chase away a rainy day!
What is the tone of this sentence?
a.) Formal and sarcastic
b.) Formal and hopeful
c.) Informal and enthusiastic
d.) Informal and annoyed
7 — Identifying Purpose and Audience
Given a paragraph, identify the purpose and audience for which it was written.
19. More women and more scientists are running for public office in the United States than ever before. These trends are seen as a backlash against elected officials who are failing to represent, or even listen to, their constituents. Political incumbents are reacting by holding more town hall meetings and hiring outreach workers.
What is the most likely audience for and purpose for this statement?
a.) Audience: voters Purpose: to inform them of a changing political landscape
b.) Audience: potential candidates Purpose: to encourage them to run for office
c.) Audience: women Purpose: to prove that they can be effective leaders
d.) Audience: politicians Purpose: to persuade them to be more scientific
20. We need stricter consequences and more enforcement of the law against poaching abalone! The devastating impacts of poaching this increasingly rare species in California are clear, and if we continue to do nothing we will lose yet another aquatic species and further disrupt the delicate balance of the planet. You must take a stance and enforce the law by prosecuting all poachers.
What is the most likely audience for and purpose of this statement?
a.) Audience: lawmakers Purpose: to urge them to take action
b.) Audience: the general public Purpose: to advocate for a boycott on abalone
c.) Audience: Californians Purpose: to explain the history and process of abalone poaching
d.) Audience: poachers Purpose: to encourage them to get proper fishing licenses
21. In my ten years as president of MAC Enterprises, I have never met someone with as much integrity and dedication to her job as Marian. I confidently recommend her as a candidate for the management position at your company. While I fully support her decision to move on professionally, we would certainly feel her loss here at MAC.
What is the most likely audience for and purpose of this statement?
a.) Audience: the president of a rival company Purpose: to share a story about a stellar employee
b.) Audience: the HR manager at a new company Purpose: to recommend an employee’s hire
c.) Audience: Marian’s co-workers at MAC Enterprises Purpose: to inform them of Marion’s departure from the company
d.) Audience: Marian’s supervisor at MAC Enterprises Purpose: to recommend Marian for a promotion within the company
Writing Effective Sentences
1 — Parts of Speech
Identify the parts of speech in a sentence.
22.. Maria and her friends enjoy a walk on the beach every day of their vacation.
In this sentence, the word “enjoy” is what part of speech?
a.) Noun
b.) Pronoun
c.) Adjective
d.) Verb
22. We enjoyed the beautiful scenery on our long Sunday drive.
In this sentence, the word “beautiful” is what part of speech?
a.) Verb
b.) Adjective
c.) Noun
d.) Pronoun
23. We spent the day driving around to see some of our favorite places in the countryside.
In this sentence, the word “countryside” is what part of speech?
a.) Adjective
b.) Pronoun
c.) Verb
d.) Noun
2 — Verb Tense
Differentiate between sentences that have consistent verb tense and those that do not.
24. Nathan, a registered nurse, is working on an admissions essay for a BSN program.
Select the sentence from his draft that has a verb tense error.
a.) I will be the first member of my family to earn a college degree.
b.) The program you offer is flexible enough that I can continue to take care of my family.
c.) I have wanted to be a nurse since I was ten years old.
d.) I had went to work at the hospital almost ten years ago.
25. Nathan, a registered nurse, is working on an admissions essay for a BSN program.
Select the sentence from his draft that has a verb tense error.
a.) I think that my many years of experience in the nursing field will help me to be successful in this program.
b.) I want to continue my nursing training and became a more advanced medical practitioner.
c.) I first started working at the hospital as a nurse more than 10 years ago
d.) I am very excited to see what the future holds for me.
26. Nathan, a registered nurse, is working on an admissions essay for a BSN program.
Select the sentence from his draft that has a verb tense error.
a.) My family is so proud of me for making the decision to begin this degree program.
b.) Becoming an RN was extremely important to me and I cannot wait to advance my career.
c.) I find that being a nurse is like second nature to me since I enjoy making a difference in the lives of others.
d.) My son is one of my main reasons for pursuing this degree because I hope to be a role model for him.
3 — Subjects and Verbs
Identify the subject and verb in a sentence.
27. The box of books has sat on the counter in the kitchen for almost two weeks now.
Identify the subject and verb of the sentence above.
a.) “Box” is the subject and “has sat” is the verb.
b.) “Counter” is the subject and “sat” is the verb.
c.) “Box” is the subject and “sat” is the verb.
d.) “Counter” is the subject and “has sat” is the verb.
28. Both Linda and Dale are considering the purchase of a horse farm.
Identify the subject and verb of the sentence above.
a.) “Both” is the subject and “purchase” is the verb.
b.) “Both” is the subject and “considering” is the verb.
c.) “Linda and Dale” is the subject and “considering” is the verb.
d.) “Linda and Dale” is the subject and “are considering” is the verb.
29. After the meeting, the council delayed the vote on the new construction project.
Identify the subject and verb in the sentence above.
a.) “Council” is the subject and “delayed” is the verb.
b.) “Meeting” is the subject and “vote” is the verb.
c.) “Meeting” is the subject and “delayed” is the verb.
d.) “Council” is the subject and “construction” is the verb.
4 — Independent and Dependent Clauses
Differentiate between independent clauses, dependent clauses, and phrases in
30. Although we often disagree, I trust my sister to tell me the truth about a situation.
Identify the independent clause in the sentence.
a.) “my sister to tell me the truth”
b.) “I trust my sister”
c.) “the truth about a situation”
d.) “Although we often disagree”
31. Picking apples in the fall is one of my favorite family activities unless it is cold or crowded at the orchard.
Identify the dependent clause in the sentence.
a.) “one of my favorite family activities”
b.) “unless it is cold or crowded”
c.) “Picking apples in the fall”
d.) “it is cold or crowded at the orchard”
32. During the afternoon, I often listen to podcasts until the children come home from school, and then the countdown to dinner begins.
Identify the phrase in the sentence.
a.) “the children come home”
b.) “the countdown to dinner begins”
c.) “I often listen to podcasts”
d.) “During the afternoon”
5 — How to Join Independent and Dependent Clauses
Use conjunctions to join clauses correctly.
33. __________ we tried our best to get to the theater on time, the play had already begun by the time we got there.
Choose the correct subordinating conjunction to join the two clauses.
a.) If
b.) Because
c.) Although
d.) When
34. Both children jumped up at once to help: Charlie swept the floor __________ his sister washed the dishes.
Choose the correct subordinating conjunction to join the two clauses.
a.) while
b.) because
c.) if
d.) but
35. I was tired last night, __________ I watched television in bed and turned off the lights by 10:00.
Choose the correct coordinating conjunction to join the two clauses.
a.) so
b.) and
c.) but
d.) for
6 — Identifying Sentence Fragments
Identify or correct sentence fragments.
36. Elliot is writing a statement to show his support for a presidential candidate:
(1) Marsha Walker has always been a leader. (2) Because I have worked closely with her on the judiciary committee for several years now. (3) Her attention to detail and her commitment to serving her constituents are evident. (4) Because of these reasons, I fully support her candidacy for president and urge you to do the same.
Choose the sentence fragment.
a.) Sentence 3
b.) Sentence 2
c.) Sentence 4
d.) Sentence 1
37. Brynn is reading a brochure before her trip to Iceland:
(1) Learn about Iceland’s natural resources as you explore the amazing sights on this map. (2) Along the route outlined in red, you will find three main attractions. (3) One of Iceland’s gorgeous waterfalls, a national park, and a valley full of active geysers. (4) You can call the phone number below for details and tour schedules and costs.
Choose the sentence fragment.
a.)
Sentence 2
b.) Sentence 3
c.) Sentence 4
d.) Sentence 1
38. Myasia is reading an email from her boss regarding employees skipping lunch breaks:
(1) Some of you are not taking time away from your desks to enjoy the lunch hour. (2) A mid-day break has been proven to increase work performance and job satisfaction. (3) While I value the work you do, I also value you as human beings. (4) Fully aware that I cannot enforce this.
Choose the sentence fragment.
a.) Sentence 3
b.) Sentence 4
c.) Sentence 2
d.) Sentence 1
7 — Correcting Sentence Fragments
Correct sentence fragments
39. While eating at a restaurant, Nancy read this on the menu: Since opening our family-owned restaurant in 1979.Select the sentence that corrects the sentence fragment.
a.) Our family-owned restaurant having opened in 1979.
b.) Opening our restaurant in 1979, it is family owned.
c.) Opened in 1979, our restaurant is family-owned.
d.) Although our family-owned restaurant opened in 1979.
40. Phoebe read the note her little brother had left on the counter: I haven’t washed the dishes yet. I’ll wash them later. After I take the dog for a walk. Here’s an idea. Maybe you would like to wash them for me?Choose the sentence that corrects a sentence fragment.
a.) Haven’t washed the dishes yet, will wash them later.
b.) I haven’t washed the dishes yet, I’ll wash them later.
c.) I’ll wash them later, after I take the dog for a walk.
d.) Here’s an idea, how would you like to wash them for me?
41. Skyler re-read her email before sending it:
It was so great to hear from you, Carol. Yes, of course, I’d love to meet for coffee next time I’m in the city. How many years has it been now? Since before our daughters were born. We both know how quickly they’ve grown! Let’s set April 18 as a tentative date, shall we? Choose the sentence that corrects a sentence fragment.
a.) So great to hear from you, Carol.
b.) It’s been since before our daughters were born.
c.) Knowing how quickly they’ve grown!
d.)
Yes of course.
8 — Identifying Run-On Sentences
Identify or correct run-on sentences.
42. Identify the run-on sentence.
a.) She often finds interesting viewing outside the movie theater when couples fight about which movie to see.
b.) Sometimes the food court is the best watching, especially when harried moms try to feed hungry kids.
c.) However, teenagers, who tend to hang out by the arcade, are often the most amusing entertainment.
d.) Miranda loves to spend time at the mall just observing, she is an avid people watcher.
43. Identify the run-on sentence.
a.) It was raining a bit today, so I made sure to take an umbrella with me to avoid getting wet.
b.) I spent the afternoon downtown visiting many unique shops, galleries, and museums.
c.) If I decide to go on a hike tomorrow, I will need to make sure I pack my bug spray.
d.) The city is so quaint, it’s right on the ocean and you can smell salt in the air everywhere you go.
44. Identify the run-on sentence.
a.)
Since school had been cancelled for the day, they had hours of daylight to enjoy.
b.) One mom made hot chocolate, and the rosy-cheeked children lined up at her back door for a taste.
c.) The neighborhood kids put on coats and boots and hats and gleefully ran outside it had been snowing all morning.
d.) Some kids began to sled down the Culbertson’s hill, while others began building a snowman in the field.
45. Choose the revision that corrects the run-on sentence:
Working with children brings me great satisfaction I have always wanted to be a teacher I love my job.
a.) Working with children brings me great satisfaction, I have always wanted to be a teacher, I love my job.
b.) Working with children brings me great satisfaction; I have always wanted to be a teacher, and I love my job.
c.) Working with children brings me great satisfaction I have always wanted; to be a teacher; I love my job.
d.) Working with children; brings me great satisfaction, I have always wanted to be a teacher I love my job.
46. Choose the revision that corrects the run-on sentence:
Amy reapplied sunscreen to the baby’s face the sun was so hot she wondered if they should go inside.
a.) Amy reapplied sunscreen to the baby’s face the sun was so hot. She wondered if they should go inside.
b.) Amy reapplied sunscreen to the baby’s face. The sun was so hot she wondered if they should go inside.
c.) Amy reapplied sunscreen to the baby’s face; the sun was so hot she wondered; if they should go inside.
d.) Amy reapplied sunscreen; to the baby’s face the sun was so hot; she wondered if they should go inside.
47. Choose the revision that corrects the run-on sentence:
We usually have class promptly at 8:00 today it’s different we’re not beginning until 9:00.
a.) We usually have class promptly at 8:00, but today it’s different, we’re not beginning until 9:00.
b.) We usually have class promptly at 8:00, today it’s different; because we’re not beginning until 9:00.
c.) We usually have class promptly at 8:00, today it’s different, we’re not beginning until 9:00.
d.) We usually have class promptly at 8:00; today it’s different. We’re not beginning until 9:00.
Writing Effective Paragraphs
1 — Paragraph Development
Recognize the roles of the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence within a paragraph.
48. In a paragraph, the purpose of supporting sentences is to __________.
a.) create transitions between ideas within the paragraph
b.) supply examples of other ideas closely related to the main idea
c.) repeat the main idea in a variety of ways to emphasize the importance of the topic
d.) provide details that reinforce and further develop the main idea of the paragraph
49. Longer paragraphs or stand-alone paragraphs should end with a concluding sentence, which __________.
a.)
offers further analysis of the paragraph’s main idea
b.) summarizes the main idea of the paragraph
c.) introduces new details to further engage the reader
d.) repeats the topic sentence
50. An informative paragraph should begin with a topic sentence, which __________.
a.) clearly articulates the main point of the paragraph
b.) takes a position or states an opinion about the paragraph
c.) explains why the author is interested in the topic
d.) provides examples of what might be discussed in the paragraph
2 — Paragraph Organization
Given the purpose of a paragraph, identify the appropriate organizational structure.
51. Katherine is writing a paragraph about an experience she had as a child that taught her an important lesson. She records the events from her childhood as she remembers them, making sure she includes character descriptions and dialogue.
Which type of paragraph is Katherine writing?
a.) Chronological
b.) Emphatic
c.) Spatial
d.) TEE
52. Joann wants to describe her ideas about how the proposed new playground for an elementary school should be organized and designed. She wants her readers to visualize how the playground will be laid out and accessible for kids of all ages and abilities.
Which type of paragraph best suits Joann’s purpose?
a.) Spatial
b.) TEE
c.) Chronological
d.) Emphatic
53. Alex is writing an argumentative paragraph about enforcing leash laws for dogs in his community. His most important point is that unleashed dogs pose a threat to people and other pets, so he begins with that idea.
Which type of paragraph is Alex writing?
a.) Emphatic
b.) TEE
c.) Spatial
d.) Chronological
3 — Developing an Effective Topic Sentence
Identify the topic sentence that fits the scope of a given paragraph.
54. Choose the topic sentence that effectively introduces a paragraph about tourism in Las Vegas.
a.)
Some people think that Las Vegas is the capital of Nevada, but that title actually belongs to Carson City.
b.) In 2016, the population of Las Vegas was over 600,000.
c.) More than 41 million visitors each year drive the economy of Las Vegas.
d.) The average price of a home in Las Vegas is about $300,000.
55. Choose the topic sentence that most effectively introduces a paragraph about the reasons eggs are often not refrigerated in Europe.
a.) Why are eggs refrigerated in the U.S. but on grocery shelves at room temperature in many European markets?
b.) Eggs are a major part of the breakfast meal for many nations around the world.
c.) Chicken eggs have a natural protective layer that is often washed off in the United States.
d.) It’s all about salmonella when it comes to storing chicken eggs. Eggs are a major part of the breakfast meal for many nations around the world.
56. Choose the topic sentence that effectively introduces a paragraph urging drivers not to use cell phones while driving.
a.) Banning the use of cell phones while driving will make everyone on the road safer.
b.) There are many causes of auto accidents, including inexperienced drivers, driving while distracted, and dangerous road conditions.
c.) According to the Centers for Disease Control, in 2011, 17% of all accidents in which someone was injured involved the driver using a cell phone.
d.) Turning off a cell phone while behind the wheel is an effective way to avoid distracted driving.
4 — Writing an Effective TEE Paragraph
Identify effective supporting sentences in a TEE paragraph.
57. Debbie is writing a TEE paragraph about the use of high caffeine energy drinks by teenagers. She begins with a topic sentence:
Highly caffeinated energy drinks are becoming more and more popular with young people.
Which of the following would be the most effective supporting sentence?
a.) In a recent survey, 2 out of 5 students reported that they regularly consume between one and three energy drinks per day.
b.) Coffee shops make it easy for anyone to get a coffee on the go at any time.
c.) Students have always used a variety of substances to stay awake and alert, so why should we worry about one more?
d.) The use of caffeine during adolescence has unknown effects, but they are probably bad.
58. Christie is writing a TEE paragraph for her essay about the Mayan civilization in Mexico. She begins with a topic sentence:
A four-sided pyramid in Chichen Itza is believed to be built upon an underwater cavern beneath the earth’s surface.
Which of the following would be the most effective supporting sentence?
a.) The pyramid has 91 steps on each side, which along with final the step to the top, equals 365, the number of days in a year.
b.) The Maya interpreted the world as having three basic layers: the heavens, the earth, and the underworld.
c.) A study of bones of ancient human sacrifices at the site reveal that most of the victims were children between the ages of 3 and 11.
d.) These water-filled sinkholes are called “cenotes” and were a key part of Mayan spirituality.
59. Peter is writing a TEE paragraph about elephant poaching in Indonesia. He begins with a topic sentence:
To stop elephant poaching, officials are beginning to work undercover to capture suspected poachers.
Which of the following would be the most effective supporting sentence?
a.) Government veterinarians travel to remote regions of the country to perform autopsies on elephants found dead.
b.) The loss of habitat drives many elephants to forage in large palm oil plantations.
c.) Conservation officers often pose as potential buyers to arrest those in illegal possession of elephant tusks.
d.) Farmers sometimes poison elephants that become a nuisance by eating their crops.
5 — Transitions
Identify the appropriate transitional word or phrase when connecting ideas in a sentence.
60. We wore ourselves out dancing all afternoon at the outdoor concert; _________, we were not too exhausted to go out dancing at the club that night as well.
Choose the transitional word or phrase that best fills in the blank in the sentence.
a.) in fact
b.) for example
c.) however
d.) consequently
61. While most species of penguins are thriving, some of them are endangered, _________ the African penguin and the Galápagos penguin.
Choose the transitional word or phrase that best fills in the blank in the sentence.
a.)
furthermore
b.)
thus
c.)
therefore
d.)
in particular
62. My mother loved the Japanese botanical gardens; _________, we visited frequently.
Choose the transitional word or phrase that best fills in the blank in the sentence.
a.) as a result
b.) in addition
c.) in particular
d.) however
6 — Writing Effective Narrative and Descriptive Paragraphs
Identify the elements of effective narrative and descriptive writing.
63. Which of the following is a characteristic of an effective narrative?
a.) Effective narratives use details to drive the plot forward.
b.) Effective narratives stand alone without incorporating other modes of writing.
c.) Effective narratives avoid a linear sequence of events.
d.) Effective narratives attempt to persuade the reader to take some sort of action.
64. Which of the following is a characteristic of an effective narrative?
a.) Effective narratives have a clear focus and purpose.
b.) Effective narratives convince the reader of the writer’s point of view.
c.) Effective narratives incorporate substantial research on the topic.
d.) Effective narratives avoid fictional events and focus on factual stories.
65. Which of the following is a characteristic of an effective narrative?
a.)
Effective narratives favor dialogue over context.
b.)
Effective narratives avoid using elements of descriptive writing.
c.)
Effective narratives are always fictional.
d.)
Effective narratives follow a logical sequence of events.
Narrative Writing
1 — Introduction to Narrative
Recognize the components of narrative writing.
66. A narrative is a(n) __________ and can be either fictional or personal.
a.) argument
b.) story
c.) opinion
d.) reflection
67. The sequence of events in a narrative is called the narrative __________.
a.)
climax
b.)
exposition
c.)
arc
d.)
mode
68. All of the following describe a purpose of narrative writing except __________.
a.) debating an issue the writer has experience with
b.) recording an important lesson the writer has learned
c.) sharing a writer’s insight into her life experiences
d.) revealing a writer’s personal memories
69. Read the excerpt from Mark Twain’s autobiography. “Tell me! What is the special peculiarity of smoked herrings?”It seemed a strange question at such a hallowed time as this. And so inconsequential, too. I was a little shocked. And yet I was aware of a stir of some kind away back in the deeps of my memory somewhere. It set me to musing–thinking–searching. Smoked herrings. Smoked herrings. The peculiarity of smo…. I glanced up. Her face was grave, but there was a dim and shadowy twinkle in her eye which–All of a sudden I knew! and far away down in the hoary past I heard a remembered voice murmur, ‘Dey eats ’em guts and all!'””At–last! I’ve found one of you, anyway! Who was the other girl?”But she drew the line there. She wouldn’t tell me. Select the narrative technique that Twain uses in this excerpt.
a.) multiple plot lines
b.) character development
c.) explanation
d.) dialogue
70. Read the excerpt below. Sam sat motionless in his room, half-heartedly scrolling through his Facebook page, as he did most afternoons. Suddenly he heard the front door open. It’s too early for Dad to get home, he thought.
“Dad, is that you?” he called out.
There was no response, but he could hear the heavy thud of footsteps making their way toward his room. He knew that something was very wrong. Sam froze, his heart racing in his chest, his mind frantically trying to figure out his next move. Select the narrative technique the writer uses in this excerpt.
a.) dialogue
b.) pacing
c.) reflection
d.) characterization
71. Read the excerpt from Mark Twain’s autobiography. “That was a rickety screen, with many holes in it, but as I did not know there were girls behind it, I was not disturbed by that detail. If I had known, I could not have undressed in the flood of cruel moonlight that was pouring in at the curtainless windows; I should have died of shame. Untroubled by apprehensions, I stripped to the skin and began my practice. I was full of ambition; I was determined to make a hit; I was burning to establish a reputation as a bear and get further engagements; so I threw myself into my work with an abandon that promised great things.”Select the narrative technique that Twain uses in this excerpt.
a.) description
b.) analysis
c.) reflection
d.) dialogue
3 — Dialogue
Differentiate between dialogue that is punctuated correctly and dialogue that is not.
72. Select the option that correctly punctuates the dialogue.
a.) This email is going to need to work some magic “Charlotte whispered to herself.”
b.) “This email is going to need to work some magic,” Charlotte whispered to herself.
c.) “This email is going to need to work some magic”, Charlotte whispered to herself.
d.) “This email is going to need to work some magic” Charlotte whispered to hers
72. Select the option that correctly punctuates the dialogue.
a.) “We’ll see if the email reminder does the trick she muttered.”
b.) “We’ll see if the email reminder does the trick,” she muttered.
c.) “We’ll see if the email reminder does the trick” she muttered.
d.) “We’ll see if the email reminder does the trick.” She muttered.
73. Select the option that correctly punctuates the dialogue.
a.) “Let’s hope everyone takes a hint from this email” Charlotte said under her breath.
b.) “Let’s hope everyone takes a hint from this email,” Charlotte said under her breath.
c.) “Let’s hope everyone takes a hint from this email.” Charlotte said under her breath.
d.) “Let’s hope everyone takes a hint from this email”, Charlotte said under her breath.
4 — Elements of Narrative
Recognize the elements of a narrative.
74. Which point of view is generally utilized when writing a personal narrative?
a.) an objective point of view
b.) a third-person point of view
c.) an unknown narrator’s point of view
d.) a first-person point of view
75. Choose the true statement about details in a narrative.
a.) A writer should include only those details that are relevant to the story.
b.) A writer should include all the details she can remember, whether or not they are relevant to the story.
c.) A writer should include details that may be irrelevant but are personally meaningful.
d.) A writer should include shocking details that will make the story more interesting for the reader.
76. In narrative writing, what is the writer’s voice?
a.) the writer’s personal writing style
b.) the writer’s tone
c.) the writer’s language choices
d.) the writer’s expertise on the topic
5 — Narrative Language
Identify the elements of narrative language used in written work.
77. Select the element of narrative language demonstrated in the following sentence.
The sky blazed red and orange as the day ended. Nostalgia bubbled up inside of me as I watched the anchored ships bobbing gently in the harbor.
a.) an objective tone
b.) figurative language
c.) concrete details
d.) formal style
78. Metaphors and similes are elements of narrative language. Select the sentence that contains a simile.
a.) The snowflakes falling from the dark sky glitter in the moon’s glow.
b.) I had been tossed about in the air like a wooden puppet.
c.) My heart is an orchid, bursting with life and great promise.
d.) The apple trees are an ocean of bloom rising from the flat prairie.
79. Concrete and sensory details are elements of narrative language. Choose the sentence that most clearly “shows” the reader the scene the writer is describing.
a.) Growing up, I spent a lot of time with my dad in the barn, watching him work on tractors that seemed to break down constantly.
b.) Growing up, I spent my summers with my dad in the old barn, watching him work on the three John Deer tractors that he and his brother used on the family farm.
c.) Growing up, I spent time with my dad in the barn, watching him work on the unruly herd of tractors that he and his brother tended for the family farm.
d.) Growing up, I spent long, sweaty hours with my dad in the sun-bleached wood barn, watching him work on hulking tractors that reeked of scorched oil.
6 — Writing Effective Narratives
Identify and define the elements of an effective narrative essay.
80. Louis is writing a personal narrative. His introductory paragraphs should do all of the following except __________.
a.) provide context for the story
b.) pull the reader into the story
c.) set the scene for the reader
d.) explain the plot of the story
81. Mandy is writing a personal narrative. In order to write an effective narrative, she must consider all of the following except __________.
a.) setting a vivid scene to draw the reader in
b.) including a believable cast of characters
c.) establishing a distinct point of view
d.) developing a complex plot line
82. Saul is writing a personal narrative and wants to utilize narrative language, so he will include concrete, sensory details and __________.
a.) high-level vocabulary
b.) figurative language
c.) a third-person point of view
d.) multiple plot lines
7 — Model Narratives
Identify the narrative elements, language, and techniques used in sample narratives.
83. Which of the following narrative elements is most prominently included this passage from Zitkala-Sa’s “American Indian Stories”? As I glanced at the long chain of tables, I caught the eyes of a paleface woman upon me. Immediately I dropped my eyes, wondering why I was so keenly watched by the strange woman. The man ceased his mutterings, and then a third bell was tapped. Everyone picked up his knife and fork and began eating. I began crying instead, for by this time I was afraid to venture anything more.
a.)
Scene
b.) conflict
c.) Characters
d.) dialogue
84. Read the following passage: …. This was in 1849. I was fourteen years old, then. We were still living in Hannibal, Missouri, on the banks of the Mississippi, in the new “frame” house built by my father five years before. That is, some of us lived in the new part, the rest in the old part back of it–the “L.” In the autumn my sister gave a party, and invited all the marriageable young people of the village. I was too young for this society, and was too bashful to mingle with young ladies, anyway, therefore I was not invited–at least not for the whole evening.
In this passage from his autobiography, Twain __________ for the reader.
a.) summarizes the plot
b.) sets the scene
c.) establishes a third-person point of view
d.) introduces the cast of characters
85. Twain reveals that there are two girls hiding behind a screen in the room he has chosen to practice for the play. He writes, “That was a rickety screen with many holes in it, but as I did not know there were girls behind it, I was not disturbed by that detail. I could not have undressed in the flood of cruel moonlight that was pouring in at the curtainless windows; I should have died of shame. Untroubled by apprehensions, I stripped to the skin and began my practice.”
Twain describes the moonlight as “cruel.” This is an example of __________.
a.) a concrete detail
b.) showing, not telling
c.) personification
d.) a metaphor
Grammar and Punctuation
1 — Why Grammar?
Recognize the value in understanding and using proper grammar.
1. Grammar matters because __________.
a.) if one has poor grammar skills, one cannot succeed in life
b.) every language needs structural rules and agreed-upon standards
c.) it dictates the content and depth of any written work
d.) any person who learns a language must learn its grammar first
2. All of the following are benefits of knowing and using correct grammar except __________.
a.) Grammar rules provide structure for language as it evolves.
b.) Mastering the grammar in any language makes you fluent in that language.
c.) Using agreed-upon conventions improves communication.
d.) It’s easier to write when you have a good understanding of grammar rules.
3. A writer who uses incorrect grammar in a professional setting appears __________ than the writer who uses correct grammar.
a.) less rule-driven
b.) more creative
c.) less intelligent
d.) more spontaneous
2 — Modifiers
Given a sentence or its intended meaning, identify the correct placement of the modifier.
The desk lay in pieces on the floor, and Samantha sighed in frustration.
4. Choose the correct placement for the modifier “unable to understand the instructions” in the sentence.
a.) Unable to understand the instructions, the desk lay in pieces on the floor, and Samantha sighed in frustration.
b.) The desk lay in pieces on the floor, unable to understand the instructions, and Samantha sighed in frustration.
c.) The desk lay in pieces on the floor, and Samantha, unable to understand the instructions, sighed in frustration.
d.) The desk, unable to understand the instructions, lay in pieces on the floor, and Samantha sighed in frustration.
5. After she got ready for bed, Olivia lifted the heavy book down from the shelf.
Choose the best placement for the modifier “carefully” in the sentence.
a.) After she got ready for bed, carefully, Olivia lifted the heavy book down from the shelf.
b.) After she got ready for bed, Olivia carefully lifted the heavy book down from the shelf.
c.) After she got ready for bed, Olivia lifted the heavy book down from the shelf carefully.
d.) Carefully, after she got ready for bed, Olivia lifted the heavy book down from the shelf.
6. Choose the sentence that shows the correct placement of the modifier “only” to tell the reader that Tony doesn’t like vanilla ice cream unless it is on apple pie.
a.) Tony likes vanilla ice cream only on apple pie.
b.) Tony only likes vanilla ice cream on apple pie.
c.) Only Tony likes vanilla ice cream on apple pie.
d.) Tony likes only vanilla ice cream on apple pie.
3 — Commonly Confused Words
Recognize the correct usage of commonly confused words in sentences.
7. Choose the option that uses the correct form of its/it’s, than/then, and your/you’re.
a.) It’s been three years since I joined the soccer team. I am much better now then I used to be. Our coach always says, “The most important thing is that you try you’re best!”
b.) It’s been three years since I joined the soccer team. I am much better now than I used to be. Our coach always says, “The most important thing is that you try you’re best!”
c.) It’s been three years since I joined the soccer team. I am much better now than I used to be. Our coach always says, “The most important thing is that you try your best!”
d.) It’s been three years since I joined the soccer team. I am much better now then I used to be. Our coach always says, “The most important thing is that you try your best!”
8. Choose the option that correctly uses too/two/to and sight/site/cite.
a.) I have loved to play soccer since I was very young. All of my friends have played that long too. My mom says that it is quite a sight to see my team go crazy every time we score a goal.
b.) I have loved too play soccer since I was very young. All of my friends have played that long two. My mom says that it is quite a sight to see my team go crazy every time we score a goal.
c.) I have loved two play soccer since I was very young. All of my friends have played that long too. My mom says that it is quite a site to see my team go crazy every time we score a goal.
d.) I have loved too play soccer since I was very young. All of my friends have played that long to. My mom says that it is quite a cite to see my team go crazy every time we score a goal
.
9. Choose the option that correctly uses their/there/they’re and affect/effect.
a.)
They’re are 20 girls on my soccer team. Their all very talented. Playing soccer on a team has had a positive affect on my life.
b.) There are 20 girls on my soccer team. They’re all very talented. Playing soccer on a team has had a positive effect on my life.
c.)
Their are 20 girls on my soccer team. There all very talented. Playing soccer on a team has had a positive effect on my life.
d.) There are 20 girls on my soccer team. They’re all very talented. Playing soccer on a team has had a positive affect on my life.
4 — Pronoun Choice and Pronoun Reference
Identify or correct errors in pronoun choice and reference.
10. Due to unforeseen circumstances, Mayor Filson must regretfully reschedule this month’s city council meeting. Her and her family have been unexpectedly called out of town next week. The meeting will take place this Thursday evening, January 24, in her office. Please contact the mayor or I with questions or concerns.
Choose the option that corrects all pronoun errors in this email.
a.) She and her family have been unexpectedly called out of town next week. The meeting will take place this Thursday evening, January 24, in her office. Please contact the mayor or I with questions or concerns.
b.) Her family and her have been unexpectedly called out of town next week. The meeting will take place this Thursday evening, January 24, in her office. Please contact the mayor or me with questions or concerns.
c.) She and her family have been unexpectedly called out of town next week. The meeting will take place this Thursday evening, January 24, in her’s office. Please contact the mayor or I with questions or concerns.
d.) She and her family have been unexpectedly called out of town next week. The meeting will take place this Thursday evening, January 24, in her office. Please contact the mayor or me with questions or concerns.
11. An apology from us members of the mayor’s staff for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson, whomever serves on the governor’s task force, has been summoned to take part in a legislative session at the state capital. She and her team will be out of town for the week. Please let me know if you have questions or concerns.
Choose the option that corrects all the pronoun errors in this email.
a.)
An apology from we members of the mayor’s staff for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson, who serves on the governor’s task force, has been summoned to take part in a legislative session at the state capital. She and her team will be out of town for the week.
b.)
An apology from we members of the mayor’s staff for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson, whom serves on the governor’s task force, has been summoned to take part in a legislative session at the state capital. She and her team will be out of town for the week.
c.)
An apology from us members of the mayor’s staff for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson, whom serves on the governor’s task force, has been summoned to take part in a legislative session at the state capital. They will be out of town for the week.
d.)
An apology from us members of the mayor’s staff for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson, whom serves on the governor’s task force, has been summoned to take part in a legislative session at the state capital. Her and her team will be out of town for the week.
12. The mayor and myself send our apologies for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson has been called to jury duty and feels strongly about meeting her civic responsibility. Her and I discussed the matter and made a decision to hold the city council meeting on Thursday, January 24, in her office. Please contact me if you have questions.
Choose the option that corrects all the pronoun errors in this email.
a.)
The mayor and myself send our apologies for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson has been called to jury duty and feels strongly about meeting its civic responsibility. Her and me discussed the matter and made a decision to hold the city council meeting on Thursday, January 24, in her office.
b.)
The mayor and I send our apologies for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson has been called to jury duty and feels strongly about meeting its civic responsibility. Her and I discussed the matter and made a decision to hold the city council meeting on Thursday, January 24, in her office.
c.)
The mayor and I send our apologies for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson has been called to jury duty and feels strongly about meeting her civic responsibility. She and I discussed the matter and made a decision to hold the city council meeting on Thursday, January 24, in her office.
d.)
The mayor and me send our apologies for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson has been called to jury duty and feels strongly about meeting her civic responsibility. She and I discussed the matter and made a decision to hold the city council meeting on Thursday, January 24, in her office.
5 — Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Given a sentence, identify the pronoun that agrees with its antecedent.
13. If anyone disagrees with my plan, __________ should speak up now.
Choose the pronoun that agrees with its antecedent to fill the blank in this sentence.
a.) us
b.) he
c.) we
d.) he or she
14. The audience voiced __________ approval by rising in one motion to applaud and cheer.
Choose the pronoun that agrees with its antecedent to fill the blank in this sentence.
a.) their
b.) his or her
c.) its
d.) my
15. All of the students should take __________ seats immediately upon entering the room.
Choose the pronoun that agrees with its antecedent to fill the blank in this sentence.
a.) our
b.) his or her
c.) your
d.) their
6 — Verb Tense Consistency
Demonstrate an understanding of verb tense consistency.
16. Choose the sentence that maintains verb tense consistency.
a.) Every year we visit a new national monument when we have taken a summer vacation.
b.) Every year we visited a new national monument when we take a summer vacation.
c.) Every year we visit a new national monument when we took a summer vacation.
d.) Every year we visit a new national monument when we take a summer vacation.
17. Choose the sentence that maintains verb tense consistency.
a.) The movie started at 6:00 and we eat popcorn for two solid hours.
b.) The movie started at 6:00 and we ate popcorn for two solid hours.
c.) The movie will start at 6:00 and we ate popcorn for two solid hours.
d.) The movie starts at 6:00 and we are eating popcorn for two solid hours.
18. Choose the sentence that maintains verb tense consistency.
a.) The new library will be built when the public funds were released.
b.) The new library was built when the public funds were released.
c.) The new library is built when the public funds are being released.
d.) The new library has been built when the public funds are released.
7 — Identifying Errors In Subject-Verb Agreement
Identify errors in subject-verb agreement.
19. Choose the sentence that has an error in subject-verb agreement.
a.) Neither the teacher nor her student know how to answer that question.
b.) Each of the children has a different flavor of ice cream cone.
c.) The baby sitter, surrounded by his charges, reads a book.
d.) None of the people present sit in their assigned seats.
20. Choose the sentence that has an error in subject-verb agreement.
a.) Your shoes have mud on them.
b.) There was dozens of cookies to choose from.
c.) Both of my sons are interested in computer programming.
d.) The man with the yellow coat lives next door to me.
21. Choose the sentence that has an error in subject-verb agreement.
a.) Oil and water does not mix.
b.) One of my friends is flying to Spain.
c.) The scissors are in the cabinet.
d.) He and I attend the same school.
8 — Correcting Errors In Subject-Verb Agreement
Correct errors in subject-verb agreement.
22. Choose the change that corrects the error in subject-verb agreement in this sentence.
Bob and Kim prefers riding on the roller coaster over the ferris wheel.
a.) Change “riding” to “rode”
b.) Change “riding” to “rides”
c.) Change “prefers” to “prefer”
d.) Change “prefers” to “preferring”
23. Choose the change that corrects the error in subject-verb agreement in this sentence.
The gorilla at the zoo, along with the chimpanzees, are allowed to play in the new-fallen snow.
a.) Change “play” to “plays”
b.) Change “are” to “is”
c.) Change “are” to “were”
d.) Change “play” to “playing”
24. Choose the change that corrects the error in subject-verb agreement in this sentence.
“Lying on the table is the car keys and the map for our destination,” Marilyn reminded her husband.
a.) Changed “reminded” to “remind”
b.) Change “is” to “are”
c.) Change “reminded” to “reminds”
d.) Change “is” to “was”
Steps in the Writing Process
1 — The Writing Process
Recognize the specific activities involved in the different stages of the writing process.
25. Which of the following statements describes the prewriting stage of the writing process?
a.) In this stage, you will physically write your essay and further develop your ideas.
b.) In this stage, you will improve aspects such as sentence structure, word choice, flow, clarity of ideas, and style.
c.) In this stage, you will brainstorm ideas prior to writing the essay.
d.) In this stage, you will identify and fix spelling and grammar errors.
26. Which of the following statements describes the proofreading stage of the writing process?
a.) In this stage, you will look for and correct errors in spelling and grammar.
b.) In this stage, you will make adjustments to word choice and sentence structure to enhance the essay.
c.) In this stage, you will begin to write out your ideas in the form of an essay.
d.) In this stage you will focus on large-scale issues and rethink aspects such as organization and support.
26. Which of the following statements describes the drafting stage of the writing process?
a.) In this stage, you will use your ideas to begin composing the first copy of your essay.
b.) In this stage, you will focus on language and word choice to improve clarity.
c.) In this stage, you might adjust your thesis statement or rearrange your body paragraphs to improve flow.
d.) In this stage, you will start generating ideas for your essay and possibly construct an outline.
2 — Brainstorming
Understand the techniques and objectives of brainstorming.
27. One way to __________ is to brainstorm new ideas.
a.) combat writer’s block
b.) improve your style
c.) find evidence for your claims
d.) summarize in a conclusion
28. Which of these is NOT a goal of brainstorming?
a.) To find a topic of a suitable size/scope
b.) To explore possible aspects of a topic
c.) To craft a focused thesis statement
d.) To reflect on your own thinking
29. __________ is a brainstorming technique that uses boxes, circles, or arrows to show how ideas connect.
a.) The 5 W’s
b.) Clustering
c.) Freewriting
d.) Listing
3 — Prewriting
Understand the techniques and objectives of the pre-writing stage of the writing process.
30. A major goal of prewriting is to help the writer __________.
a.) discover the appropriate mode in which to write
b.) reveal flaws in a potential argument
c.) determine a topic
d.) narrow [her] focus
31. Which of the following is NOT included in prewriting?
a.) narrowing the focus
b.) creating citations
c.) planning the essay
d.) outlining
32. Choose the FALSE statement about prewriting
a.) Prewriting may take a little extra time in the beginning, but can help to save time in the long run.
b.) prewriting involves planning and organizing ideas before actually writing
c.) Prewriting includes creating an outline of the piece of writing, which serves as a plan for what to write.
d.) Prewriting eliminates the need to revise a piece of writing later on.
4 — Outlines and Drafting
Understand how outlines can be used in drafting.
33. How does preparing an outline help a writer to avoid plagiarizing?
a.) In an outline, a writer can paraphrase another writer’s words without citing them.
b.) Source materials are not considered until the essay is drafted.
c.) Outlines are brief but should cover all the main points a writer wants to make.
d.) The writer creates a thesis statement and writing plan in his or her own words.
34. Choose the false statement about using an outline while drafting.
a.) An outline can help a writer get past writer’s block.
b.) An outline can help a writer draft without being sure of her main points.
c.) An outline can help a writer control his own writing process.
d.) An outline can help a writer avoid plagiarism.
35. An outline and draft should remain focused on the writer’s __________, which may be revised throughout the writing process.
a.) conclusion
b.) introduction
c.) rhetorical situation
d.) thesis
5 — Revising, Editing and Proofreading
Differentiate between the revising, editing, and proofreading stages of the writing process.
36. Which of the following scenarios describes a writer in the revising stage?
a.) Maddie corrects errors in spelling, punctuation, and capitalization throughout her essay.
b.) Carson adds transitions between paragraphs and sentences to improve his essay’s flow.
c.) Mason adds more evidence to the body paragraphs in his essay to better support his thesis.
d.) Selena reads through her essay to spot any sentences that could be worded more clearly.
37. Which of the following scenarios describes a writer in the proofreading stage?
a.) Jason reconsiders the content and organization of his essay.
b.) Courtney looks for ways to improve sentence structure and word choice in her essay.
c.) Aaron evaluates whether or not his tone and style match the writing mode.
d.) Maria reads through her essay to check for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
38. Which of the following scenarios describes a writer in the editing stage?
a.) Kimberly fixes any spelling and punctuation errors throughout her essay.
b.) Hailie decides to adjust her thesis to better reflect the scope of her essay.
c.) Jay considers the overall structure and organization of his essay.
d.) Daisy balances the length and complexity of sentences in her essay.
6 — Revising and Revising Strategies
Differentiate between revising for clarity, revising for focus, and revising for structure.
39. Camila is revising her essay.
What is one question she should ask herself when considering the essay’s structure?
a.) Have I included any unnecessary details?
b.) Do I have an introduction with a strong thesis statement?
c.) Is my topic appropriate for the writing assignment?
d.) Do I have clear transitions between the ideas expressed in my body paragraphs?
40. Camila is revising her essay.
What is one question she should ask herself when considering the essay’s focus?
a.) Have I chosen the best conclusion type to support the essay’s purpose?
b.) Is the thesis still relevant and do all the body paragraphs support it?
c.) Should I reorder body paragraphs to present my ideas more clearly?
d.) Does the essay communicate exactly what I mean to say?
41. Camila is revising her essay.
What is one question she should ask herself when considering the essay’s clarity?
a.) Is my writing expressing my point the way I want it to?
b.) Have I written an introduction that will engage the reader?
c.) Have I included enough body paragraphs?
d.) Is my evidence from reliable sources?
7 — Editing and Editing Strategies
Identify or correct wordiness and vague language in sentences.
42. One of the most well-known stories on campus is that of the haunted Simonson Building. The building is close to an old cemetery. The building was constructed over 200 years ago. Students claim that when they are walking alone at night, they hear footsteps following behind them. Thus, the majority of most students refuse to wander campus alone after dark. Although students making this claim are few, it’s my opinion that the building is haunted. When I lived on campus, I always dashed past the building to avoid an incident.
Which of the underlined portions is an example of wordiness?
a.) following behind them
b.) Students claim
c.) I always dashed
d.) an old cemetery
43. One of the most famous stories on campus is that of the haunted Simonson Building. The building was constructed over 200 years ago. Students claim that they have heard footsteps following behind them when nobody else is around. Thus, as a result, many students refuse to wander campus alone after dark. Although students making this claim are few, it’s my personal opinion that the building is haunted by spirits. When I lived on campus, I avoided walking past it.
Which of the underlined portions is an example of wordiness?
a.) alone after dark
b.) was constructed
c.) my personal opinion
d.) avoided walking past
44. One of the most famous and well-known stories on campus is that of the haunted Simonson Building. The building has been a part of campus history for almost 200 years. Students claim that when they are walking alone at night, they hear footsteps following them. Although students making this claim are few, it’s my opinion that the building is haunted. When I lived on campus, I avoided walking past it.
45. Which of the underlined portions is an example of wordiness?
a.) footsteps following them
b.) famous and well-known
c.) When I lived
d.) almost 200 years
The Essay
1 — Basic Essay Structure
Identify the general components required of academic essays.
46. Which of the following is a required component of an academic essay?
a.) Research that backs up the essay’s argument
b.) A conclusion that inspires the reader to take action
c.) Body paragraphs that support the essay’s main points
d.) Rhetorical appeals that convince the reader
47. Which of the following is a required component of an academic essay?
a.) Body paragraphs that contain direct quotations from sources
b.) An appeal to pathos, ethos, or logos
c.) A paragraph that includes a personal narrative
d.) An introductory paragraph that contains a thesis statement
48. Which of the following is a required component of an academic essay?
a.) An introduction that states an interesting fact
b.) Quotations from experts on the topic
c.) Body paragraphs that describe a series of events in order
d.) A conclusion that serves as the final paragraph of the essay
2 — The Essay
Identify and understand the components of an effective academic essay.
49. When responding to a writing prompt, writers should do all of the following EXCEPT __________.
a.) use the prompt to create a working thesis
b.) refer to the prompt while brainstorming and drafting
c.) choose an aspect of the prompt that most appeals to them
d.) clarify the prompt’s meaning
50. Choose the FALSE statement about a 5-paragraph essay.
a.) Advanced or experienced writers rarely limit themselves to this structure.
b.) It works well for all types of essays because it limits the topic for the writer.
c.) It can be a useful form to master, especially for the purpose of timed writing.
d.) It typically includes an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
51. Choose the true statement about the academic essay.
a.) Using figurative language, dialogue, and description in an academic essay is discouraged.
b.) Writers have control over and can experiment with their voice and style in an academic essay. c.) Non-traditional introductions and conclusions are distracting for the reader and should be avoided.
d.) Because it is a nonfiction piece of writing, an academic essay does not have room for creativity.
3 — Paragraphs and Topic Sentences
Recognize appropriate topic sentences and supporting sentences in paragraphs.
52. For example, citrus fruits have lots of soluble fiber which has been linked to lowering cholesterol. This fiber helps to maintain glucose levels too; sugars in citrus fruits are released gradually, avoiding a sugar spike and crash. Citrus fruits also contain flavonoids, or plant compounds, that promote a healthy heart, as well as plenty of potassium which can limit the threat of strokes. And, because citrus fruits contain so much water (oranges are 87% water), they also help to keep you hydrated so body systems can function properly.
Choose the best topic sentence for the paragraph.
a.) Eating a diet high in fruits can boost the immune system and help to maintain a healthy weight.
b.) Many people are aware that citrus fruits contain vitamin C, but eating citrus fruits has many other benefits.
c.) Next time you feel a cold coming on, follow your doctor’s advice and increase your consumption of vitamin C.
d.) Citrus fruits can now be enjoyed in all parts of the world because of advances in harvesting, storing, and shipping.
53. As a member of the city council, Sarah was tasked with creating a letter to residents informing them of the decision implement a disaster preparation plan for their small town and the benefits of having a disaster preparation plan in place. Read Sarah’s draft below:
Watch for notices for town hall meetings and budget forums. These events will be open to the public, and citizens are encouraged to attend and participate. The fire chief has agreed to serve as temporary lead on the project until details for hiring a permanent staff are finalized. He is open to suggestions and feedback from citizens, and he can be reached at the fire station. Let’s make our disaster preparation plan a real community effort!
Choose the best topic sentence for the paragraph.
a.) A plan will be in place by December 31.
b.) Involved citizens are a valuable resource.
c.) Citizens should constantly be on alert.
d.) No one likes to think about a disaster.
54. As a member of the city council, Sarah was tasked with creating a letter to residents informing them of the decision to implement a disaster preparation plan for their small town and the benefits of having a disaster preparation plan in place. Read Sarah’s draft below:
The police department, fire department, utility and other city workers, as well as the mayor’s office will share communications and operate from a central location. This will minimize confusion and allow officials to manage both preparedness and recovery operations most efficiently. Communications among the various departments and business factions will be direct and ongoing.
Choose the best topic sentence for the paragraph.
a.) It is essential that we devote equal attention to preparedness for an emergency and recovery efforts.
b.) In addition to a federal grant to help offset costs, plans are being made to access state grants as well.
c.) Vulnerable populations—such as the elderly or the very young—are one of the top considerations.
d.) The proposed plan will coordinate resources within the city in case of a natural disaster or emergency.
4 — Introductions
Identify the elements of a strong introductory paragraph.
55. John has drafted the introduction to his essay and checks that he has included the required components of an effective introduction. John makes sure he has __________.
a.) explained the importance of his topic and the reasons he chose it
b.) clearly announced his topic and articulated his thesis statement
c.) described the controversy over his topic and specified a solution
d.) used langague appropriate for his chosen audience and topic
56. Jackie has drafted and revised the introduction to her essay several times. Her younger sister asks why she is spending so much time on it, and Jackie explains that it’s important to craft an introduction that will __________.
a.) provide details about her essay’s main points
b.) amuse the reader
c.) immediately capture the reader’s interest
d.) comprise at least two paragraphs
57. “Now I just need a good hook,” Janet muttered as she considered the introduction to her essay.
Janet could use any of the following approaches to create a good hook except __________.
a.) announce the research behind the essay’s claim
b.) make an effective comparison
c.) provide a startling statistic
d.) relate a thought-provoking anecdote
5 — Conclusions
Understand the various ways to write an effective conclusion.
58. Marcell has decided to use a summary approach for the conclusion to his essay because __________.
a.) his essay leaves the topic open for further research
b.) he wants his readers to be moved to action
c.) his essay includes a multi-point argument
d.) he knows his essay leaves unanswered questions
59. Heather is working on the conclusion to her essay and decides to both re-articulate her main points and open up the topic for further discussion. Heather is using the __________ approach to writing a conclusion.
a.) summary
b.) traditional
c.) hybrid
d.) expansion
60. Allison is using the expansion approach as she drafts the conclusion to her essay because she wants to __________.
a.) return to an anecdote she included in her introduction
b.) review her main points as well as make a call for action from the reader
c.) reiterate her thesis statement but use different words
d.) convey the broader implications of her ideas
6 — Introduction to Comparison/Contrast Essays
Understand the purpose and structure of an informative comparison/contrast essay.
61. Choose the true statement about writing a comparison/contrast essay.
a.) A comparison/contrast essay should point out only the obvious connections between subjects.
b.) A comparison/contrast essay is typically written from a personal point of view and tells a story.
c.) The purpose of a comparison/contrast essay is to convince the reader that one subject is better than the other.
d.) The subjects being compared or contrasted must connect in a meaningful way.
62. Select the TRUE statement about comparison/contrast essays:
a.) The purpose of a comparison/contrast essay is to convey meaningful similarities or differences between two subjects.
b.) Most topics are more easily compared than contrasted.
c.) The thesis statement in a comparison/contrast essay should include the writer’s position/opnion on the topic.
d.) A typical comparison/contrast essay includes just two body paragraphs.
63. Select the FALSE statement about writing comparison/contrast essays:
a.) Asking “So What?” can help you to determine if your comparison/contrast topic is meaningful or not.
b.) A comparison/contrast essay can be used to inform readers about the similarities or differences between two subjects.
c.) The information in a comparison/contrast essay can be organized in two different ways.
d.) It is important that the writer state his or her opinion about the subjects
7 — Writing an Effective Comparison/Contrast Essay
Recognize the components of and techniques used to write an informative comparison/contrast essay.
64. Maya is writing a comparison/contrast essay for her English class. She’s chosen her subjects – the religions of Buddhism and Hinduism. As a part of the writing process, what should Maya do next?
a.) She should conduct research to determine the most common arguments for or against her her position.
b.) She should make a list of differences and similarities so she can determine her points of comparison or contrast.
c.) She should draft her essay, creating body paragraphs for each significant point of contrast or comparison
d.) She should create an outline that she can use as a roadmap as she drafts the essay.
65. Choose the outline that demonstrates the point-by-point method of organizing the body of a comparision/contrast essay that contrasts coniferous and deciduous forests. .
a.) *Introduction + thesis statement *Similarities between coniferous and decidious forests *differences between conifereous and decidious forests *Conclusion
b.) *Introduction + thesis statement *Climate of coniferous forests *Climate of decidious forests *Animals of coniferous forests *Animals of decidious forests *Conclusion
c.) *Introduction + thesis statement *Both forests are found in all parts of the world *Both forests are endangered *Both forests are home to many species of animals *Conclusion
d.) *Introduction + thesis statement *Climate of coniferous forests *Animals of coniferous forests *Climate of decidious forests *Animals of decidious forests *Conclusion
66. Which of the following thesis statements would be most effective for a comparison/contrast essay written in the informative mode?
a.) When you contrast photography these days taken on a cell phone camera to photography taken with a professional camera, there is little to no difference.
b.) Penguins are the most interesting animals on earth because of their appearance, nesting habits, and specialized diets.
c.) Oranges and clementines have lots of things in common.
d.) Oranges and clementines/tangerines are both orange citrus fruits and have more things in common than they have differences.
8 — Model Comparison/Contrast Essays
Recognize characteristics of an effective informative comparison/contrast essay.
67. Refer to the model essay titled “Contrasting the Northern and Southern Colonies.”
Select the option that reflects one point of contrast demonstrated in the essay.
a.) Both the Northern and Southern colonies were ruled by England.
b.) The economy of the North centered around small farms and industrialization, while the economy of the South centered on cash crops and plantation farming
c.) Education systems were well developed in both colonies.
d.) The major differences between the North and South were social politics, climate, and farming methods.
68. Refer to the model essay titled “Contrasting the Northern and Southern Colonies.”
Select the statement that describes the type of conclusion used in the model essay.
a.) The essay uses a summary conclusion to recap the main points of the essay as well as explain the significance of the topic.
b.) The essay uses a hybrid approach to summarize the main points as well as raises unanswered questions about the topic.
c.) The essay uses a call to action approach by urging readers to do something to address the issue brought up in the essay.
d.) The essay uses an expansion approach by expanding the discussion beyond the scope of the essay.
69. Read the passage below: Although both regions were ruled by England and had somewhat similar government structures, the way in which the laws were controlled was different. In the North, the church controlled the laws and religion was central to the government. The North was essentially colonized for religious reasons, which made religion the driving force behind all politics and government of the Northern colonies. Conversely, the South was colonized primarily for freedom of economic activity. Thus, land owners controlled the laws of the South. Only established landowners could vote and participate in politics in the South. 70. Which word or phrase from this passage highlights a contrast that the author is making?
a.) Conversely
b.) Thus
c.) Although
d.) Only
Topic and Thesis Statements
1 — Essay Writing and the “Big Picture”
Define “big picture” scale as it is related to essay writing.
71. When considering the “big picture” of an essay, writers should remember that all aspects of an essay must support the __________.
a.) thesis
b.) conclusion
c.) outline
d.) argument
72. Constructing a(n) __________ before drafting an essay provides a “big picture” overview of how the essay will be developed and organized.
a.) conclusion
b.) thesis
c.) outline
d.) introductory paragraph
73. The __________ stage of the writing process is an ideal time for a writer to return to the “big picture” of his or her essay.
a.) proofreading
b.) drafting
c.) prewriting
d.) revising
2 — Combating Writer’s Block
Identify strategies for combating writer’s block.
74. Choose the true statement about writer’s block.
a.) If a piece of writing isn’t perfect as you draft, it’s usually a good idea to start over with fresh ideas.
b.) An outline created in the prewriting stage can alleviate the problem of not knowing what to write next while drafting.
c.) If feeling blocked, a writer should return to her thesis statement and begin a new draft.
d.) Editing or proofreading are ineffective methods of combatting writer’s block.
75. Choose the true statement about writer’s block.
a.) Following the steps of the writing process produces better essays, but it is not a good strategy to address writer’s block.
b.) New writers often suffer from writers block. something seasoned writers have learned to overcome.
c.) Brainstorming techniques can help when a writer feels blocked at any stage of the writing process.
d.) If you can’t get past writers block very quickly, you should start over with a new topic to avoid wasting time.
76. Choose the true statement about writer’s block.
a.) Writer’s block is a very rare phenomenon, but can be overcome.
b.) Using the writing process can help with overcoming writer’s block.
c.) If a writer suffers from writer’s block, he should set aside the writing project for at least 48 hours
d.) A writer should try to write through writer’s block even if she writes nonsense.
3 — Drafting and the Rhetorical Situation
Understand the rhetorical situation and its role in the drafting process.
77. The rhetorical situation of any written work involves the writer’s purpose and presumed audience, the cultural and historical context of the topic, and the writer’s __________.
a.) writing style
b.) previous works
c.) personal background
d.) cited sources
78. When a writer is engaged in “meta” thinking while drafting, he or she actively thinks about his or her writing and writing process. It is a meta act when ______________.
a.) a writer considers the rhetorical situation of his or her written work.
b.) a writer evaluates the introducton’s hook in his or her written work.
c.) a writer analyzes the individual components of his or her written work.
d.) a writer starts by writing the introduction and conclusion of his or her written work.
79. When writers are drafting and examining the rhetorical situation, they should be self-reflective and consider the influence of their personal __________.
a.) biases and assumptions
b.) writing challenges
c.) relevance and purpose
d.) previous writing experiences
4 — Defining Your Essay Topic
Recognize whether a topic is too broad, too narrow, or appropriate for the parameters of an assignment.
80. Anya is writing a one-page informative essay.
Choose the topic that would be most appropriate given the specifics of the assignment.
a.) Dog breeds in America
b.) The domestication of dogs
c.) Housetraining a puppy
d.) Choosing a new family pet
81. Margo is writing a one-page personal narrative.
Which topic would be too broad for Margo given the specifics of the assignment?
a.) Her soccer schedule
b.) The history of soccer
c.) Her soccer uniform
d.) Her most memorable soccer game
82. Russell is writing an 8-10 page informative essay on the causes of the American Civil War.
Choose the topic that would be too narrow given the specifics of the assignment.
a.) The economics and culture of the North and South
b.) Conflicts over slavery in the 1800s
c.) The influence of the Supreme Court case of Dred Scott on Abraham Lincoln
d.) Proslavery and antislavery activism before the war
5 — Thesis Statements
83. Understand the importance of a good thesis statement.
Choose the true statement about thesis statements.
a.) A thesis statement should make as many claims as possible to show the reader that there is a lot of information about the topic
b.) A thesis statement should introduce a topic that engages the reader so that he or she wants to keep reading
c.) A thesis statement should be the first sentence of any essay so that the reader knows what will be covered in the essay.
d.) A thesis statement should be written broadly so that it doesn’t give away too much information about the essay
84. Asking thesis questions can benefit a writer by helping to__________.
a.) generate, narrow, or revise a thesis statement
b.) consider the purpose and intended audience for an essay
c.) determine the topic and most effective mode in which to write
d.) create a large number of possible thesis statements
85. Choose the FALSE statement about thesis statements.
a.) A good working thesis statement helps the writer maintain focus while drafting
b.) Once a thesis statement is drafted, it should not be revised
c.) In short essays, the thesis statement usually appears in the first paragraph.
d.) The thesis statement articulates an essay’s controlling idea.
6 — Theses: Asking what and why
Understand how to ask “what” and “why” questions to improve a thesis statement.
86. When asking “why” about a thesis statement, writers should consider the “occasion for writing.” This includes thinking about __________.
a.) the types of support they will use
b.) the significance of their chosen topic
c.) their personal ability to create an argument
d.) their purpose and intended audience
87. What do we mean when we say a thesis should answer the question “so what?”
a.) An effective thesis statement answers a question worth asking.
b.) When writers present a claim in a thesis statement, they should always include the opposing view.
c.) A good thesis should refer to a whole range of possible topics.
d.) Taking the indirect approach in writing a thesis statement is often a wise strategy.
88. Asking the simple question __________ about one’s working thesis statement can lead to a more relevant and focused thesis.
a.) “Is this a good argument?”
b.) “So what?”
c.) “Is this true?”
d.) “How much do I know about this topic?”
7 — Narrowing Your Thesis
Understand strategies for narrowing a thesis statement.
89. Asking questions about a working thesis can help a writer narrow her focus. All of the following are effective questions to ask EXCEPT __________.
a.) where did my interest in this topic come from?
b.) what is my goal with this piece fo writing?
c.) What do I want to say about this topic?
d.) who is my intended audience?
90. In addition to asking questions, a writer can think about __________ to help narrow a working thesis statement.
a.) her purpose for writing
b.) available research
c.) her previous writing experiences
d.) possible counterarguments
91. Asking questions is a good tactic for narrowing a thesis statement. Choose the question that would NOT help a writer narrow a thesis statement.
a.) What is my purpose for writing?
b.) What do I find most interesting about this topic?
c.) What kind of question is my thesis answering?
d.) What kind of hook will I use in the introduction?
8 — Your Thesis: Too Broad, Too Narrow, or Just Right?
91. Understand what makes a thesis statement too narrow, too broad, or appropriate for a short essay.
Choose the working thesis statement that is too broad for a 3-5 page essay on the effects of fast food on Americans.
a.) Consuming fast food has impacted the health of Americans in a negative fashion.
b.) The convenience of fast food has changed Americans’ dining habits.
c.) Fast food has a long history in the United States.
d.) The consumption of fast food is making Americans more obese.
92. Choose the working thesis statement that is too narrow for a 3-5 page essay on the costs of higher education in the United States.
a.) California undergraduates pay an average of $12,600 in tuition costs per academic year.
b.) The average tuition costs for one year at a public university in the U.S. is $20,000.
c.) While higher education is tuition-free in countries like Germany and Norway, this trend is not observed in the United States.
d.) The reduction of state and federal funds for public universities has resulted in higher tuitions across the country.
93. Choose the thesis statement that is neither too narrow nor too broad for a 3-5 page essay about the effects of smoking cigarettes.
a.) In 1995, a cigarette company executive admitted that the industry knew smoking was addictive.
b.) Smoking has been bad for your health since the beginning of time.
c.) Smoking has a negative effect on both one’s health and one’s social relationships.
d.) Smoking cigarettes is an expensive habit in almost every country in the world.
Grammar and Punctuation
1 — Why Grammar?
Recognize the value in understanding and using proper grammar.
1. Grammar matters because __________.
a.) if one has poor grammar skills, one cannot succeed in life
b.) every language needs structural rules and agreed-upon standards
c.) it dictates the content and depth of any written work
d.) any person who learns a language must learn its grammar first
2. All of the following are benefits of knowing and using correct grammar except __________.
a.) Grammar rules provide structure for language as it evolves.
b.) Mastering the grammar in any language makes you fluent in that language.
c.) Using agreed-upon conventions improves communication.
d.) It’s easier to write when you have a good understanding of grammar rules.
3. A writer who uses incorrect grammar in a professional setting appears __________ than the writer who uses correct grammar.
a.) less rule-driven
b.) more creative
c.) less intelligent
d.) more spontaneous
2 — Modifiers
Given a sentence or its intended meaning, identify the correct placement of the modifier.
The desk lay in pieces on the floor, and Samantha sighed in frustration.
4. Choose the correct placement for the modifier “unable to understand the instructions” in the sentence.
a.) Unable to understand the instructions, the desk lay in pieces on the floor, and Samantha sighed in frustration.
b.) The desk lay in pieces on the floor, unable to understand the instructions, and Samantha sighed in frustration.
c.) The desk lay in pieces on the floor, and Samantha, unable to understand the instructions, sighed in frustration.
d.) The desk, unable to understand the instructions, lay in pieces on the floor, and Samantha sighed in frustration.
5. After she got ready for bed, Olivia lifted the heavy book down from the shelf.
Choose the best placement for the modifier “carefully” in the sentence.
a.) After she got ready for bed, carefully, Olivia lifted the heavy book down from the shelf.
b.) After she got ready for bed, Olivia carefully lifted the heavy book down from the shelf.
c.) After she got ready for bed, Olivia lifted the heavy book down from the shelf carefully.
d.) Carefully, after she got ready for bed, Olivia lifted the heavy book down from the shelf.
6. Choose the sentence that shows the correct placement of the modifier “only” to tell the reader that Tony doesn’t like vanilla ice cream unless it is on apple pie.
a.) Tony likes vanilla ice cream only on apple pie.
b.) Tony only likes vanilla ice cream on apple pie.
c.) Only Tony likes vanilla ice cream on apple pie.
d.) Tony likes only vanilla ice cream on apple pie.
3 — Commonly Confused Words
Recognize the correct usage of commonly confused words in sentences.
7. Choose the option that uses the correct form of its/it’s, than/then, and your/you’re.
a.) It’s been three years since I joined the soccer team. I am much better now then I used to be. Our coach always says, “The most important thing is that you try you’re best!”
b.) It’s been three years since I joined the soccer team. I am much better now than I used to be. Our coach always says, “The most important thing is that you try you’re best!”
c.) It’s been three years since I joined the soccer team. I am much better now than I used to be. Our coach always says, “The most important thing is that you try your best!”
d.) It’s been three years since I joined the soccer team. I am much better now then I used to be. Our coach always says, “The most important thing is that you try your best!”
8. Choose the option that correctly uses too/two/to and sight/site/cite.
a.) I have loved to play soccer since I was very young. All of my friends have played that long too. My mom says that it is quite a sight to see my team go crazy every time we score a goal.
b.) I have loved too play soccer since I was very young. All of my friends have played that long two. My mom says that it is quite a sight to see my team go crazy every time we score a goal.
c.) I have loved two play soccer since I was very young. All of my friends have played that long too. My mom says that it is quite a site to see my team go crazy every time we score a goal.
d.) I have loved too play soccer since I was very young. All of my friends have played that long to. My mom says that it is quite a cite to see my team go crazy every time we score a goal
.
9. Choose the option that correctly uses their/there/they’re and affect/effect.
a.)
They’re are 20 girls on my soccer team. Their all very talented. Playing soccer on a team has had a positive affect on my life.
b.) There are 20 girls on my soccer team. They’re all very talented. Playing soccer on a team has had a positive effect on my life.
c.)
Their are 20 girls on my soccer team. There all very talented. Playing soccer on a team has had a positive effect on my life.
d.) There are 20 girls on my soccer team. They’re all very talented. Playing soccer on a team has had a positive affect on my life.
4 — Pronoun Choice and Pronoun Reference
Identify or correct errors in pronoun choice and reference.
10. Due to unforeseen circumstances, Mayor Filson must regretfully reschedule this month’s city council meeting. Her and her family have been unexpectedly called out of town next week. The meeting will take place this Thursday evening, January 24, in her office. Please contact the mayor or I with questions or concerns.
Choose the option that corrects all pronoun errors in this email.
a.) She and her family have been unexpectedly called out of town next week. The meeting will take place this Thursday evening, January 24, in her office. Please contact the mayor or I with questions or concerns.
b.) Her family and her have been unexpectedly called out of town next week. The meeting will take place this Thursday evening, January 24, in her office. Please contact the mayor or me with questions or concerns.
c.) She and her family have been unexpectedly called out of town next week. The meeting will take place this Thursday evening, January 24, in her’s office. Please contact the mayor or I with questions or concerns.
d.) She and her family have been unexpectedly called out of town next week. The meeting will take place this Thursday evening, January 24, in her office. Please contact the mayor or me with questions or concerns.
11. An apology from us members of the mayor’s staff for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson, whomever serves on the governor’s task force, has been summoned to take part in a legislative session at the state capital. She and her team will be out of town for the week. Please let me know if you have questions or concerns.
Choose the option that corrects all the pronoun errors in this email.
a.)
An apology from we members of the mayor’s staff for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson, who serves on the governor’s task force, has been summoned to take part in a legislative session at the state capital. She and her team will be out of town for the week.
b.)
An apology from we members of the mayor’s staff for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson, whom serves on the governor’s task force, has been summoned to take part in a legislative session at the state capital. She and her team will be out of town for the week.
c.)
An apology from us members of the mayor’s staff for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson, whom serves on the governor’s task force, has been summoned to take part in a legislative session at the state capital. They will be out of town for the week.
d.)
An apology from us members of the mayor’s staff for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson, whom serves on the governor’s task force, has been summoned to take part in a legislative session at the state capital. Her and her team will be out of town for the week.
12. The mayor and myself send our apologies for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson has been called to jury duty and feels strongly about meeting her civic responsibility. Her and I discussed the matter and made a decision to hold the city council meeting on Thursday, January 24, in her office. Please contact me if you have questions.
Choose the option that corrects all the pronoun errors in this email.
a.)
The mayor and myself send our apologies for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson has been called to jury duty and feels strongly about meeting its civic responsibility. Her and me discussed the matter and made a decision to hold the city council meeting on Thursday, January 24, in her office.
b.)
The mayor and I send our apologies for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson has been called to jury duty and feels strongly about meeting its civic responsibility. Her and I discussed the matter and made a decision to hold the city council meeting on Thursday, January 24, in her office.
c.)
The mayor and I send our apologies for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson has been called to jury duty and feels strongly about meeting her civic responsibility. She and I discussed the matter and made a decision to hold the city council meeting on Thursday, January 24, in her office.
d.)
The mayor and me send our apologies for the late notice, but this month’s city council meeting has been rescheduled. Mayor Filson has been called to jury duty and feels strongly about meeting her civic responsibility. She and I discussed the matter and made a decision to hold the city council meeting on Thursday, January 24, in her office.
5 — Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Given a sentence, identify the pronoun that agrees with its antecedent.
13. If anyone disagrees with my plan, __________ should speak up now.
Choose the pronoun that agrees with its antecedent to fill the blank in this sentence.
a.) us
b.) he
c.) we
d.) he or she
14. The audience voiced __________ approval by rising in one motion to applaud and cheer.
Choose the pronoun that agrees with its antecedent to fill the blank in this sentence.
a.) their
b.) his or her
c.) its
d.) my
15. All of the students should take __________ seats immediately upon entering the room.
Choose the pronoun that agrees with its antecedent to fill the blank in this sentence.
a.) our
b.) his or her
c.) your
d.) their
6 — Verb Tense Consistency
Demonstrate an understanding of verb tense consistency.
16. Choose the sentence that maintains verb tense consistency.
a.) Every year we visit a new national monument when we have taken a summer vacation.
b.) Every year we visited a new national monument when we take a summer vacation.
c.) Every year we visit a new national monument when we took a summer vacation.
d.) Every year we visit a new national monument when we take a summer vacation.
17. Choose the sentence that maintains verb tense consistency.
a.) The movie started at 6:00 and we eat popcorn for two solid hours.
b.) The movie started at 6:00 and we ate popcorn for two solid hours.
c.) The movie will start at 6:00 and we ate popcorn for two solid hours.
d.) The movie starts at 6:00 and we are eating popcorn for two solid hours.
18. Choose the sentence that maintains verb tense consistency.
a.) The new library will be built when the public funds were released.
b.) The new library was built when the public funds were released.
c.) The new library is built when the public funds are being released.
d.) The new library has been built when the public funds are released.
7 — Identifying Errors In Subject-Verb Agreement
Identify errors in subject-verb agreement.
19. Choose the sentence that has an error in subject-verb agreement.
a.) Neither the teacher nor her student know how to answer that question.
b.) Each of the children has a different flavor of ice cream cone.
c.) The baby sitter, surrounded by his charges, reads a book.
d.) None of the people present sit in their assigned seats.
20. Choose the sentence that has an error in subject-verb agreement.
a.) Your shoes have mud on them.
b.) There was dozens of cookies to choose from.
c.) Both of my sons are interested in computer programming.
d.) The man with the yellow coat lives next door to me.
21. Choose the sentence that has an error in subject-verb agreement.
a.) Oil and water does not mix.
b.) One of my friends is flying to Spain.
c.) The scissors are in the cabinet.
d.) He and I attend the same school.
8 — Correcting Errors In Subject-Verb Agreement
Correct errors in subject-verb agreement.
22. Choose the change that corrects the error in subject-verb agreement in this sentence.
Bob and Kim prefers riding on the roller coaster over the ferris wheel.
a.) Change “riding” to “rode”
b.) Change “riding” to “rides”
c.) Change “prefers” to “prefer”
d.) Change “prefers” to “preferring”
23. Choose the change that corrects the error in subject-verb agreement in this sentence.
The gorilla at the zoo, along with the chimpanzees, are allowed to play in the new-fallen snow.
a.) Change “play” to “plays”
b.) Change “are” to “is”
c.) Change “are” to “were”
d.) Change “play” to “playing”
24. Choose the change that corrects the error in subject-verb agreement in this sentence.
“Lying on the table is the car keys and the map for our destination,” Marilyn reminded her husband.
a.) Changed “reminded” to “remind”
b.) Change “is” to “are”
c.) Change “reminded” to “reminds”
d.) Change “is” to “was”
Steps in the Writing Process
1 — The Writing Process
Recognize the specific activities involved in the different stages of the writing process.
25. Which of the following statements describes the prewriting stage of the writing process?
a.) In this stage, you will physically write your essay and further develop your ideas.
b.) In this stage, you will improve aspects such as sentence structure, word choice, flow, clarity of ideas, and style.
c.) In this stage, you will brainstorm ideas prior to writing the essay.
d.) In this stage, you will identify and fix spelling and grammar errors.
26. Which of the following statements describes the proofreading stage of the writing process?
a.) In this stage, you will look for and correct errors in spelling and grammar.
b.) In this stage, you will make adjustments to word choice and sentence structure to enhance the essay.
c.) In this stage, you will begin to write out your ideas in the form of an essay.
d.) In this stage you will focus on large-scale issues and rethink aspects such as organization and support.
26. Which of the following statements describes the drafting stage of the writing process?
a.) In this stage, you will use your ideas to begin composing the first copy of your essay.
b.) In this stage, you will focus on language and word choice to improve clarity.
c.) In this stage, you might adjust your thesis statement or rearrange your body paragraphs to improve flow.
d.) In this stage, you will start generating ideas for your essay and possibly construct an outline.
2 — Brainstorming
Understand the techniques and objectives of brainstorming.
27. One way to __________ is to brainstorm new ideas.
a.) combat writer’s block
b.) improve your style
c.) find evidence for your claims
d.) summarize in a conclusion
28. Which of these is NOT a goal of brainstorming?
a.) To find a topic of a suitable size/scope
b.) To explore possible aspects of a topic
c.) To craft a focused thesis statement
d.) To reflect on your own thinking
29. __________ is a brainstorming technique that uses boxes, circles, or arrows to show how ideas connect.
a.) The 5 W’s
b.) Clustering
c.) Freewriting
d.) Listing
3 — Prewriting
Understand the techniques and objectives of the pre-writing stage of the writing process.
30. A major goal of prewriting is to help the writer __________.
a.) discover the appropriate mode in which to write
b.) reveal flaws in a potential argument
c.) determine a topic
d.) narrow [her] focus
31. Which of the following is NOT included in prewriting?
a.) narrowing the focus
b.) creating citations
c.) planning the essay
d.) outlining
32. Choose the FALSE statement about prewriting
a.) Prewriting may take a little extra time in the beginning, but can help to save time in the long run.
b.) prewriting involves planning and organizing ideas before actually writing
c.) Prewriting includes creating an outline of the piece of writing, which serves as a plan for what to write.
d.) Prewriting eliminates the need to revise a piece of writing later on.
4 — Outlines and Drafting
Understand how outlines can be used in drafting.
33. How does preparing an outline help a writer to avoid plagiarizing?
a.) In an outline, a writer can paraphrase another writer’s words without citing them.
b.) Source materials are not considered until the essay is drafted.
c.) Outlines are brief but should cover all the main points a writer wants to make.
d.) The writer creates a thesis statement and writing plan in his or her own words.
34. Choose the false statement about using an outline while drafting.
a.) An outline can help a writer get past writer’s block.
b.) An outline can help a writer draft without being sure of her main points.
c.) An outline can help a writer control his own writing process.
d.) An outline can help a writer avoid plagiarism.
35. An outline and draft should remain focused on the writer’s __________, which may be revised throughout the writing process.
a.) conclusion
b.) introduction
c.) rhetorical situation
d.) thesis
5 — Revising, Editing and Proofreading
Differentiate between the revising, editing, and proofreading stages of the writing process.
36. Which of the following scenarios describes a writer in the revising stage?
a.) Maddie corrects errors in spelling, punctuation, and capitalization throughout her essay.
b.) Carson adds transitions between paragraphs and sentences to improve his essay’s flow.
c.) Mason adds more evidence to the body paragraphs in his essay to better support his thesis.
d.) Selena reads through her essay to spot any sentences that could be worded more clearly.
37. Which of the following scenarios describes a writer in the proofreading stage?
a.) Jason reconsiders the content and organization of his essay.
b.) Courtney looks for ways to improve sentence structure and word choice in her essay.
c.) Aaron evaluates whether or not his tone and style match the writing mode.
d.) Maria reads through her essay to check for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
38. Which of the following scenarios describes a writer in the editing stage?
a.) Kimberly fixes any spelling and punctuation errors throughout her essay.
b.) Hailie decides to adjust her thesis to better reflect the scope of her essay.
c.) Jay considers the overall structure and organization of his essay.
d.) Daisy balances the length and complexity of sentences in her essay.
6 — Revising and Revising Strategies
Differentiate between revising for clarity, revising for focus, and revising for structure.
39. Camila is revising her essay.
What is one question she should ask herself when considering the essay’s structure?
a.) Have I included any unnecessary details?
b.) Do I have an introduction with a strong thesis statement?
c.) Is my topic appropriate for the writing assignment?
d.) Do I have clear transitions between the ideas expressed in my body paragraphs?
40. Camila is revising her essay.
What is one question she should ask herself when considering the essay’s focus?
a.) Have I chosen the best conclusion type to support the essay’s purpose?
b.) Is the thesis still relevant and do all the body paragraphs support it?
c.) Should I reorder body paragraphs to present my ideas more clearly?
d.) Does the essay communicate exactly what I mean to say?
41. Camila is revising her essay.
What is one question she should ask herself when considering the essay’s clarity?
a.) Is my writing expressing my point the way I want it to?
b.) Have I written an introduction that will engage the reader?
c.) Have I included enough body paragraphs?
d.) Is my evidence from reliable sources?
7 — Editing and Editing Strategies
Identify or correct wordiness and vague language in sentences.
42. One of the most well-known stories on campus is that of the haunted Simonson Building. The building is close to an old cemetery. The building was constructed over 200 years ago. Students claim that when they are walking alone at night, they hear footsteps following behind them. Thus, the majority of most students refuse to wander campus alone after dark. Although students making this claim are few, it’s my opinion that the building is haunted. When I lived on campus, I always dashed past the building to avoid an incident.
Which of the underlined portions is an example of wordiness?
a.) following behind them
b.) Students claim
c.) I always dashed
d.) an old cemetery
43. One of the most famous stories on campus is that of the haunted Simonson Building. The building was constructed over 200 years ago. Students claim that they have heard footsteps following behind them when nobody else is around. Thus, as a result, many students refuse to wander campus alone after dark. Although students making this claim are few, it’s my personal opinion that the building is haunted by spirits. When I lived on campus, I avoided walking past it.
Which of the underlined portions is an example of wordiness?
a.) alone after dark
b.) was constructed
c.) my personal opinion
d.) avoided walking past
44. One of the most famous and well-known stories on campus is that of the haunted Simonson Building. The building has been a part of campus history for almost 200 years. Students claim that when they are walking alone at night, they hear footsteps following them. Although students making this claim are few, it’s my opinion that the building is haunted. When I lived on campus, I avoided walking past it.
45. Which of the underlined portions is an example of wordiness?
a.) footsteps following them
b.) famous and well-known
c.) When I lived
d.) almost 200 years
The Essay
1 — Basic Essay Structure
Identify the general components required of academic essays.
46. Which of the following is a required component of an academic essay?
a.) Research that backs up the essay’s argument
b.) A conclusion that inspires the reader to take action
c.) Body paragraphs that support the essay’s main points
d.) Rhetorical appeals that convince the reader
47. Which of the following is a required component of an academic essay?
a.) Body paragraphs that contain direct quotations from sources
b.) An appeal to pathos, ethos, or logos
c.) A paragraph that includes a personal narrative
d.) An introductory paragraph that contains a thesis statement
48. Which of the following is a required component of an academic essay?
a.) An introduction that states an interesting fact
b.) Quotations from experts on the topic
c.) Body paragraphs that describe a series of events in order
d.) A conclusion that serves as the final paragraph of the essay
2 — The Essay
Identify and understand the components of an effective academic essay.
49. When responding to a writing prompt, writers should do all of the following EXCEPT __________.
a.) use the prompt to create a working thesis
b.) refer to the prompt while brainstorming and drafting
c.) choose an aspect of the prompt that most appeals to them
d.) clarify the prompt’s meaning
50. Choose the FALSE statement about a 5-paragraph essay.
a.) Advanced or experienced writers rarely limit themselves to this structure.
b.) It works well for all types of essays because it limits the topic for the writer.
c.) It can be a useful form to master, especially for the purpose of timed writing.
d.) It typically includes an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
51. Choose the true statement about the academic essay.
a.) Using figurative language, dialogue, and description in an academic essay is discouraged.
b.) Writers have control over and can experiment with their voice and style in an academic essay. c.) Non-traditional introductions and conclusions are distracting for the reader and should be avoided.
d.) Because it is a nonfiction piece of writing, an academic essay does not have room for creativity.
3 — Paragraphs and Topic Sentences
Recognize appropriate topic sentences and supporting sentences in paragraphs.
52. For example, citrus fruits have lots of soluble fiber which has been linked to lowering cholesterol. This fiber helps to maintain glucose levels too; sugars in citrus fruits are released gradually, avoiding a sugar spike and crash. Citrus fruits also contain flavonoids, or plant compounds, that promote a healthy heart, as well as plenty of potassium which can limit the threat of strokes. And, because citrus fruits contain so much water (oranges are 87% water), they also help to keep you hydrated so body systems can function properly.
Choose the best topic sentence for the paragraph.
a.) Eating a diet high in fruits can boost the immune system and help to maintain a healthy weight.
b.) Many people are aware that citrus fruits contain vitamin C, but eating citrus fruits has many other benefits.
c.) Next time you feel a cold coming on, follow your doctor’s advice and increase your consumption of vitamin C.
d.) Citrus fruits can now be enjoyed in all parts of the world because of advances in harvesting, storing, and shipping.
53. As a member of the city council, Sarah was tasked with creating a letter to residents informing them of the decision implement a disaster preparation plan for their small town and the benefits of having a disaster preparation plan in place. Read Sarah’s draft below:
Watch for notices for town hall meetings and budget forums. These events will be open to the public, and citizens are encouraged to attend and participate. The fire chief has agreed to serve as temporary lead on the project until details for hiring a permanent staff are finalized. He is open to suggestions and feedback from citizens, and he can be reached at the fire station. Let’s make our disaster preparation plan a real community effort!
Choose the best topic sentence for the paragraph.
a.) A plan will be in place by December 31.
b.) Involved citizens are a valuable resource.
c.) Citizens should constantly be on alert.
d.) No one likes to think about a disaster.
54. As a member of the city council, Sarah was tasked with creating a letter to residents informing them of the decision to implement a disaster preparation plan for their small town and the benefits of having a disaster preparation plan in place. Read Sarah’s draft below:
The police department, fire department, utility and other city workers, as well as the mayor’s office will share communications and operate from a central location. This will minimize confusion and allow officials to manage both preparedness and recovery operations most efficiently. Communications among the various departments and business factions will be direct and ongoing.
Choose the best topic sentence for the paragraph.
a.) It is essential that we devote equal attention to preparedness for an emergency and recovery efforts.
b.) In addition to a federal grant to help offset costs, plans are being made to access state grants as well.
c.) Vulnerable populations—such as the elderly or the very young—are one of the top considerations.
d.) The proposed plan will coordinate resources within the city in case of a natural disaster or emergency.
4 — Introductions
Identify the elements of a strong introductory paragraph.
55. John has drafted the introduction to his essay and checks that he has included the required components of an effective introduction. John makes sure he has __________.
a.) explained the importance of his topic and the reasons he chose it
b.) clearly announced his topic and articulated his thesis statement
c.) described the controversy over his topic and specified a solution
d.) used langague appropriate for his chosen audience and topic
56. Jackie has drafted and revised the introduction to her essay several times. Her younger sister asks why she is spending so much time on it, and Jackie explains that it’s important to craft an introduction that will __________.
a.) provide details about her essay’s main points
b.) amuse the reader
c.) immediately capture the reader’s interest
d.) comprise at least two paragraphs
57. “Now I just need a good hook,” Janet muttered as she considered the introduction to her essay.
Janet could use any of the following approaches to create a good hook except __________.
a.) announce the research behind the essay’s claim
b.) make an effective comparison
c.) provide a startling statistic
d.) relate a thought-provoking anecdote
5 — Conclusions
Understand the various ways to write an effective conclusion.
58. Marcell has decided to use a summary approach for the conclusion to his essay because __________.
a.) his essay leaves the topic open for further research
b.) he wants his readers to be moved to action
c.) his essay includes a multi-point argument
d.) he knows his essay leaves unanswered questions
59. Heather is working on the conclusion to her essay and decides to both re-articulate her main points and open up the topic for further discussion. Heather is using the __________ approach to writing a conclusion.
a.) summary
b.) traditional
c.) hybrid
d.) expansion
60. Allison is using the expansion approach as she drafts the conclusion to her essay because she wants to __________.
a.) return to an anecdote she included in her introduction
b.) review her main points as well as make a call for action from the reader
c.) reiterate her thesis statement but use different words
d.) convey the broader implications of her ideas
6 — Introduction to Comparison/Contrast Essays
Understand the purpose and structure of an informative comparison/contrast essay.
61. Choose the true statement about writing a comparison/contrast essay.
a.) A comparison/contrast essay should point out only the obvious connections between subjects.
b.) A comparison/contrast essay is typically written from a personal point of view and tells a story.
c.) The purpose of a comparison/contrast essay is to convince the reader that one subject is better than the other.
d.) The subjects being compared or contrasted must connect in a meaningful way.
62. Select the TRUE statement about comparison/contrast essays:
a.) The purpose of a comparison/contrast essay is to convey meaningful similarities or differences between two subjects.
b.) Most topics are more easily compared than contrasted.
c.) The thesis statement in a comparison/contrast essay should include the writer’s position/opnion on the topic.
d.) A typical comparison/contrast essay includes just two body paragraphs.
63. Select the FALSE statement about writing comparison/contrast essays:
a.) Asking “So What?” can help you to determine if your comparison/contrast topic is meaningful or not.
b.) A comparison/contrast essay can be used to inform readers about the similarities or differences between two subjects.
c.) The information in a comparison/contrast essay can be organized in two different ways.
d.) It is important that the writer state his or her opinion about the subjects
7 — Writing an Effective Comparison/Contrast Essay
Recognize the components of and techniques used to write an informative comparison/contrast essay.
64. Maya is writing a comparison/contrast essay for her English class. She’s chosen her subjects – the religions of Buddhism and Hinduism. As a part of the writing process, what should Maya do next?
a.) She should conduct research to determine the most common arguments for or against her her position.
b.) She should make a list of differences and similarities so she can determine her points of comparison or contrast.
c.) She should draft her essay, creating body paragraphs for each significant point of contrast or comparison
d.) She should create an outline that she can use as a roadmap as she drafts the essay.
65. Choose the outline that demonstrates the point-by-point method of organizing the body of a comparision/contrast essay that contrasts coniferous and deciduous forests. .
a.) *Introduction + thesis statement *Similarities between coniferous and decidious forests *differences between conifereous and decidious forests *Conclusion
b.) *Introduction + thesis statement *Climate of coniferous forests *Climate of decidious forests *Animals of coniferous forests *Animals of decidious forests *Conclusion
c.) *Introduction + thesis statement *Both forests are found in all parts of the world *Both forests are endangered *Both forests are home to many species of animals *Conclusion
d.) *Introduction + thesis statement *Climate of coniferous forests *Animals of coniferous forests *Climate of decidious forests *Animals of decidious forests *Conclusion
66. Which of the following thesis statements would be most effective for a comparison/contrast essay written in the informative mode?
a.) When you contrast photography these days taken on a cell phone camera to photography taken with a professional camera, there is little to no difference.
b.) Penguins are the most interesting animals on earth because of their appearance, nesting habits, and specialized diets.
c.) Oranges and clementines have lots of things in common.
d.) Oranges and clementines/tangerines are both orange citrus fruits and have more things in common than they have differences.
8 — Model Comparison/Contrast Essays
Recognize characteristics of an effective informative comparison/contrast essay.
67. Refer to the model essay titled “Contrasting the Northern and Southern Colonies.”
Select the option that reflects one point of contrast demonstrated in the essay.
a.) Both the Northern and Southern colonies were ruled by England.
b.) The economy of the North centered around small farms and industrialization, while the economy of the South centered on cash crops and plantation farming
c.) Education systems were well developed in both colonies.
d.) The major differences between the North and South were social politics, climate, and farming methods.
68. Refer to the model essay titled “Contrasting the Northern and Southern Colonies.”
Select the statement that describes the type of conclusion used in the model essay.
a.) The essay uses a summary conclusion to recap the main points of the essay as well as explain the significance of the topic.
b.) The essay uses a hybrid approach to summarize the main points as well as raises unanswered questions about the topic.
c.) The essay uses a call to action approach by urging readers to do something to address the issue brought up in the essay.
d.) The essay uses an expansion approach by expanding the discussion beyond the scope of the essay.
69. Read the passage below: Although both regions were ruled by England and had somewhat similar government structures, the way in which the laws were controlled was different. In the North, the church controlled the laws and religion was central to the government. The North was essentially colonized for religious reasons, which made religion the driving force behind all politics and government of the Northern colonies. Conversely, the South was colonized primarily for freedom of economic activity. Thus, land owners controlled the laws of the South. Only established landowners could vote and participate in politics in the South. 70. Which word or phrase from this passage highlights a contrast that the author is making?
a.) Conversely
b.) Thus
c.) Although
d.) Only
Topic and Thesis Statements
1 — Essay Writing and the “Big Picture”
Define “big picture” scale as it is related to essay writing.
71. When considering the “big picture” of an essay, writers should remember that all aspects of an essay must support the __________.
a.) thesis
b.) conclusion
c.) outline
d.) argument
72. Constructing a(n) __________ before drafting an essay provides a “big picture” overview of how the essay will be developed and organized.
a.) conclusion
b.) thesis
c.) outline
d.) introductory paragraph
73. The __________ stage of the writing process is an ideal time for a writer to return to the “big picture” of his or her essay.
a.) proofreading
b.) drafting
c.) prewriting
d.) revising
2 — Combating Writer’s Block
Identify strategies for combating writer’s block.
74. Choose the true statement about writer’s block.
a.) If a piece of writing isn’t perfect as you draft, it’s usually a good idea to start over with fresh ideas.
b.) An outline created in the prewriting stage can alleviate the problem of not knowing what to write next while drafting.
c.) If feeling blocked, a writer should return to her thesis statement and begin a new draft.
d.) Editing or proofreading are ineffective methods of combatting writer’s block.
75. Choose the true statement about writer’s block.
a.) Following the steps of the writing process produces better essays, but it is not a good strategy to address writer’s block.
b.) New writers often suffer from writers block. something seasoned writers have learned to overcome.
c.) Brainstorming techniques can help when a writer feels blocked at any stage of the writing process.
d.) If you can’t get past writers block very quickly, you should start over with a new topic to avoid wasting time.
76. Choose the true statement about writer’s block.
a.) Writer’s block is a very rare phenomenon, but can be overcome.
b.) Using the writing process can help with overcoming writer’s block.
c.) If a writer suffers from writer’s block, he should set aside the writing project for at least 48 hours
d.) A writer should try to write through writer’s block even if she writes nonsense.
3 — Drafting and the Rhetorical Situation
Understand the rhetorical situation and its role in the drafting process.
77. The rhetorical situation of any written work involves the writer’s purpose and presumed audience, the cultural and historical context of the topic, and the writer’s __________.
a.) writing style
b.) previous works
c.) personal background
d.) cited sources
78. When a writer is engaged in “meta” thinking while drafting, he or she actively thinks about his or her writing and writing process. It is a meta act when ______________.
a.) a writer considers the rhetorical situation of his or her written work.
b.) a writer evaluates the introducton’s hook in his or her written work.
c.) a writer analyzes the individual components of his or her written work.
d.) a writer starts by writing the introduction and conclusion of his or her written work.
79. When writers are drafting and examining the rhetorical situation, they should be self-reflective and consider the influence of their personal __________.
a.) biases and assumptions
b.) writing challenges
c.) relevance and purpose
d.) previous writing experiences
4 — Defining Your Essay Topic
Recognize whether a topic is too broad, too narrow, or appropriate for the parameters of an assignment.
80. Anya is writing a one-page informative essay.
Choose the topic that would be most appropriate given the specifics of the assignment.
a.) Dog breeds in America
b.) The domestication of dogs
c.) Housetraining a puppy
d.) Choosing a new family pet
81. Margo is writing a one-page personal narrative.
Which topic would be too broad for Margo given the specifics of the assignment?
a.) Her soccer schedule
b.) The history of soccer
c.) Her soccer uniform
d.) Her most memorable soccer game
82. Russell is writing an 8-10 page informative essay on the causes of the American Civil War.
Choose the topic that would be too narrow given the specifics of the assignment.
a.) The economics and culture of the North and South
b.) Conflicts over slavery in the 1800s
c.) The influence of the Supreme Court case of Dred Scott on Abraham Lincoln
d.) Proslavery and antislavery activism before the war
5 — Thesis Statements
83. Understand the importance of a good thesis statement.
Choose the true statement about thesis statements.
a.) A thesis statement should make as many claims as possible to show the reader that there is a lot of information about the topic
b.) A thesis statement should introduce a topic that engages the reader so that he or she wants to keep reading
c.) A thesis statement should be the first sentence of any essay so that the reader knows what will be covered in the essay.
d.) A thesis statement should be written broadly so that it doesn’t give away too much information about the essay
84. Asking thesis questions can benefit a writer by helping to__________.
a.) generate, narrow, or revise a thesis statement
b.) consider the purpose and intended audience for an essay
c.) determine the topic and most effective mode in which to write
d.) create a large number of possible thesis statements
85. Choose the FALSE statement about thesis statements.
a.) A good working thesis statement helps the writer maintain focus while drafting
b.) Once a thesis statement is drafted, it should not be revised
c.) In short essays, the thesis statement usually appears in the first paragraph.
d.) The thesis statement articulates an essay’s controlling idea.
6 — Theses: Asking what and why
Understand how to ask “what” and “why” questions to improve a thesis statement.
86. When asking “why” about a thesis statement, writers should consider the “occasion for writing.” This includes thinking about __________.
a.) the types of support they will use
b.) the significance of their chosen topic
c.) their personal ability to create an argument
d.) their purpose and intended audience
87. What do we mean when we say a thesis should answer the question “so what?”
a.) An effective thesis statement answers a question worth asking.
b.) When writers present a claim in a thesis statement, they should always include the opposing view.
c.) A good thesis should refer to a whole range of possible topics.
d.) Taking the indirect approach in writing a thesis statement is often a wise strategy.
88. Asking the simple question __________ about one’s working thesis statement can lead to a more relevant and focused thesis.
a.) “Is this a good argument?”
b.) “So what?”
c.) “Is this true?”
d.) “How much do I know about this topic?”
7 — Narrowing Your Thesis
Understand strategies for narrowing a thesis statement.
89. Asking questions about a working thesis can help a writer narrow her focus. All of the following are effective questions to ask EXCEPT __________.
a.) where did my interest in this topic come from?
b.) what is my goal with this piece fo writing?
c.) What do I want to say about this topic?
d.) who is my intended audience?
90. In addition to asking questions, a writer can think about __________ to help narrow a working thesis statement.
a.) her purpose for writing
b.) available research
c.) her previous writing experiences
d.) possible counterarguments
91. Asking questions is a good tactic for narrowing a thesis statement. Choose the question that would NOT help a writer narrow a thesis statement.
a.) What is my purpose for writing?
b.) What do I find most interesting about this topic?
c.) What kind of question is my thesis answering?
d.) What kind of hook will I use in the introduction?
8 — Your Thesis: Too Broad, Too Narrow, or Just Right?
91. Understand what makes a thesis statement too narrow, too broad, or appropriate for a short essay.
Choose the working thesis statement that is too broad for a 3-5 page essay on the effects of fast food on Americans.
a.) Consuming fast food has impacted the health of Americans in a negative fashion.
b.) The convenience of fast food has changed Americans’ dining habits.
c.) Fast food has a long history in the United States.
d.) The consumption of fast food is making Americans more obese.
92. Choose the working thesis statement that is too narrow for a 3-5 page essay on the costs of higher education in the United States.
a.) California undergraduates pay an average of $12,600 in tuition costs per academic year.
b.) The average tuition costs for one year at a public university in the U.S. is $20,000.
c.) While higher education is tuition-free in countries like Germany and Norway, this trend is not observed in the United States.
d.) The reduction of state and federal funds for public universities has resulted in higher tuitions across the country.
93. Choose the thesis statement that is neither too narrow nor too broad for a 3-5 page essay about the effects of smoking cigarettes.
a.) In 1995, a cigarette company executive admitted that the industry knew smoking was addictive.
b.) Smoking has been bad for your health since the beginning of time.
c.) Smoking has a negative effect on both one’s health and one’s social relationships.
d.) Smoking cigarettes is an expensive habit in almost every country in the world.
